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snow_lady [41]
3 years ago
11

Which of the following has the smallest radius? A. O^2- B. F^- C. Li^- D. Be^2+

Chemistry
1 answer:
nordsb [41]3 years ago
4 0

Answer : The correct option is, (D) Be^{2+}

Explanation :

Effective nuclear charge : It is defined as the attraction of the protons present in the nucleus of an atom to the outermost electrons.

For ions, the effective nuclear charge changes than the neutral atom.

There are two types of ions:

Cations: They are formed when an atom looses its valence electrons. They are positive ions.

Anions: They are formed when an atom gain electrons in its outermost shell. They are negative ions.

For positive ions, the removal of electron increases the nuclear charge for an outermost electron because the outermost electrons are more strongly attracted by the nucleus. Thus, the effective nuclear charge increases for cations.

From this we conclude that, the size of the cation is smaller than their neutral atom because it has less number of electrons while its nuclear charge remains the same. So, the nucleus attracts the electron more towards itself and leads to the decrease in size.

For negative ions, the addition of electron decreases the nuclear charge for an outermost electron because the outermost electrons are less strongly attracted by the nucleus. Thus, the effective nuclear charge decreases for anions.

From this we conclude that, the size of the anion is greater than their neutral atom because it has more number of electrons while its nuclear charge remains the same. So, the nucleus attracts the electron less towards itself and leads to the increase in size.

Thus, the increasing order of radius of ions will be:

Be^{2+}

Hence, the smallest radius of ion is, Be^{2+}

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Many metals react with acids to produce hydrogen gas. A certain reaction produces 32.6 L of hydrogen gas at STP. How many moles
morpeh [17]

Answer: 1.46moles

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4 0
3 years ago
Please help.This is due tomorrow.It's worth 2 grades.Please help.God bless u.Please and thankyou so much.
Daniel [21]

Answer:

1. False - compression

2. True

3. False - transform faults

4. False - horizontally

5. True

6. False- perpendicular

7. False - away from

8. False - increase

9. True

10. True

Explanation:

1. Mountains, oceanic trenches, and rift valleys are created by tension and compression stress. They are formed by divergent and convergent boundaries. Compression stress occurs when plates are pushing against each other, while tension stress occurs when the plates are pulling away from each other.

**Shear stress happens when the plates grind against each other. Often found in transform boundaries.

2. Transform faults happen when two plates glide or slide against each other. These areas are called transform boundaries. Transform faults occur in the ocean. When these boundaries are formed on land, they are called strike-slip faults.

3. Shear stress that occur in transform boundaries produce transform faults. These faults are usually identified by long faults and ridges. Sometimes small ponds form in the cracks due to deposition.

*** Rift valleys are produced by divergent boundaries or tension stress, when the plates are pulled apart.

4. Transform boundaries are formed when two plates slides against each other. Transform faults are formed in these boundaries and the movement of the plates are horizontal.

*** They do not move vertically.

5-6. Mid-oceanic ridges are segmented or divided by transform faults. The transform faults in the mid-oceanic ridges are perpendicular to the oceanic ridges. They separate them into distinct segments and can run across for hundreds of kilometers

7. New faults form as they move away from the ridges. Mid oceanic ridges are formed when the plates move apart, pushing the seafloor outwards and along with that, the transform faults. When new crust however overlaps the transform fault, they stop moving against each other, and start moving side by side, creating a crack.

8. Transform faults increase in size as long as the plates continue to move. The areas of transform faults, especially in the surface create earthquake faults.

9. Faults at the surface can be part of a larger underground system. Some faults can cut across continental crusts. These faults are created by different geological processes, like compression stress from convergent boundaries, tension stress from divergent boundaries, and shear stress from transform boundaries.

10. Fault zones are areas where you can find different faults formed, relatively close to each other. The faults in fault zones can be shallow or deeper like the fault zone Sierra Madre.

6 0
3 years ago
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