Toxicants generally follow the Law of Diffusion , moving from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration.
<h3><u>What are Toxicants ?</u></h3>
Any hazardous chemical is a toxicant. Both naturally occurring and artificial toxicants have the potential to be harmful. A toxin, in contrast, is a poison created spontaneously by an organism (e.g. plant, animal, insect). The many toxicant categories may be present in the air, land, water, or food.
A substance is toxic if it has the potential to be harmful or have negative effects on health. Chemicals like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxin, which are present at some hazardous waste sites, often cause people to worry.
<h3><u>What is the Law of Diffusion ?</u></h3>
Graham's law of diffusion states that the ratio of the diffusion rate of two gases is the same as the ratio of the square root of the molar mass of the gases.
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If its sodium it would have 11 electrons
Answer:
5.167 kJ
Explanation:
We have to divide the heating process into two steps: one for the heating process of liquid water (1) and the other for the phase transition from liquid water to steam at 100°C (2)
1 - heating from 52.1°C to 100°C:
heat(1) = m x Cp x ΔT = 2.1 g x 4.184 J/g°C x (100°C-52.1°C) = 420.9 J
2 - vaporization at 100°C:
heat(2) = m x ΔHv = 2.1 g x 2260 J/g = 4746 J
Finally, we add the heat values of the steps:
heat required = heat(1) + heat(2) = 420.9 J + 4746 J = 5166.9 J
Since 1 kJ= 1000 J, we convert from J to kJ:
5166.9 J x 1 kJ/1000 J = 5.1669 kJ ≅ 5.167 kJ
Answer:
Because of the existence of isotopes.