Answer:
When an atom attracts extra electrons it becomes a negative ion. The negative ion is larger than the original atom. The positive nucleus remains the same, with the same attractive force. However, this attractive force is now pulling on more electrons and therefore has less effect.
Or
Positive ions are formed by removing one or more electrons from the outermost region of the atom. The opposite is true of negative ions. When electrons are added to form an anion, the increased electron-electron repulsions cause the electrons to spread out more in space. Thus, anions are larger than their parent atoms.
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Understanding how much of a product is produced in a reaction is referred to as Stoichiometrically understanding the reaction.
Stoichiometry is the calculation of the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. The first to talk about stoichiometry was Jeremias Benjamin Ritcher, who said that "Stoichiometry is the science that measures the quantitative proportions or mass ratios of chemical elements that are involved in a chemical reaction".
To calculate how much of a product is produced in a reaction, Stoichiometry is used, applying the law of conservation of mass. That means that the amount of product can be calculated from the amounts of reactants if they are known.
Answer:
+1.03 V
Explanation:
The standard emf of the voltaic cell is the value of the standard potential of it, which is calculated by the standard reduction potential (E°).
The standard reduction potential is the potential needed for the reduction reaction happen, and it's determined by the reaction with the hydrogen cell (which has E° = 0.0V). The half-reactions of reduction of Ni⁺² and Ag⁺, are:
Ni⁺²(aq) + 2e⁻ → Ni(s) E° = -0.23 V
Ag⁺(aq) + e⁻ → Ag(s) E° = +0.80 V
The value is calculated by a spontaneous reaction, in which the cell with the greater E° is reduced (gain electrons), and the other is oxidized (loses electrons). So, Ag⁺ reduces.
emf = E°reduces - E°oxides
emf = 0.80 - (-0.23)
emf = +1.03 V
D. microwaves, Ultraviolet, x-rays
