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3 years ago

What happens when molten material is heated from Earth’s core?

Chemistry

1 answer:

shusha [124]3 years ago

4 0

B It rises up towards the crust

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which one of the following statements about sodium chloride is incorrect a) within the crystal, each sodium ion is surrounded by

Firlakuza [10]

The answer is D) the bonding in sodium chloride crystals is strong

5 0

3 years ago

One of the hopes for solving the world's energy problem is

lions [1.4K]

Answer:

2.803013439419911 × 10⁻¹² J

Explanation:

Mass defect = mass of reactant - mass of product

(2.0140 + 3.01605) - (4.002603 + 1.008665)

5.03005 - 5.011268 = 0.018782 amu

mass in Kg = mass (amu) × 1.66053892173 × 10⁻²⁷ kg

mass in kg = 0.018782 × 1.66053892173 × 10⁻²⁷ = 3.1188242027932 × 10⁻²⁹kg

E = Δm c² where c is the speed of light = 2.9979 × 10⁸m/s

E = 3.1188242027932 × 10⁻²⁹kg × (2.9979 × 10⁸m/s)² = 2.803013439419911 × 10⁻¹² J

6 0

4 years ago

Ethanol (C2H5OH) melts a - 144 oC and boils at 78 °C. The enthalpy of fusion of ethanol is 5.02 kj/mol, and its enthalpy of vapo

hammer [34]

Answer:

For a: The total heat required is 36621.5 J

For b: The total heat required is 58944.5 J

Explanation:

For a:

To calculate the heat required at different temperature, we use the equation:

$q=mc\Delta T$ .........(1)

where,

q = heat absorbed

m = mass of substance

$c$ = specific heat capacity of substance

$\Delta T$ = change in temperature

To calculate the amount of heat required at same temperature, we use the equation:

$q=m\times \Delta H$ ........(2)

where,

q = heat absorbed

m = mass of substance

$\Delta H$ = enthalpy of the reaction

The processes involved in the given problem are:

$1.)C_2H_5OH(l)(35^oC)\rightarrow C_2H_5OH(l)(78^oC)\\2.)C_2H_5OH(l)(78^oC)\rightarrow C_2H_5OH(g)(78^oC)$

For process 1:

We are given:

Change in temperature remains the same.

$m=42.0g\\c_l=2.3J/g.K\\T_2=78^oC\\T_1=35^oC\\\Delta T=[T_2-T_1]=[78-35]^oC=43^oC=43K$

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$q_1=42.0g\times 2.3J/g.K\times 43K\\\\q_1=4153.8J$

For process 2:

We are given:

Conversion factor: 1 kJ = 1000 J

Molar mass of ethanol = 46 g/mol

$m=42.0g\\\Delta H_{vap}=38.56kJ/mol=\frac{35.56kJ}{1mol}\times (\frac{1000J}{1kJ})\times (\frac{1}{46g/mol})=773.04J/g$

Putting values in equation 2, we get:

$q_2=42.0g\times 773.04J/g\\\\q_2=32467.7J$

Total heat required = $[q_1+q_2]$

Total heat required = $[4153.8J+32467.7J]=36621.5J$

Hence, the total heat required is 36621.5 J

For b:

The processes involved in the given problem are:

$1.)C_2H_5OH(s)(-155^oC)\rightarrow C_2H_5OH(s)(-144^oC)\\2.)C_2H_5OH(s)(-144^oC)\rightarrow C_2H_5OH(l)(-144^oC)\\3.)C_2H_5OH(l)(-144^oC)\rightarrow C_2H_5OH(l)(78^oC)\\4.)C_2H_5OH(l)(78^oC)\rightarrow C_2H_5OH(g)(78^oC)$

For process 1:

We are given:

Change in temperature remains the same.

$m=42.0g\\c_s=0.97J/g.K\\T_2=-144^oC\\T_1=-155^oC\\\Delta T=[T_2-T_1]=[-144-(-155)]^oC=11^oC=11K$

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$q_1=42.0g\times 0.97J/g.K\times 11K\\\\q_1=448.14J$

For process 2:

We are given:

$m=42.0g\\\Delta H_{fusion}=5.02kJ/mol=\frac{5.02kJ}{1mol}\times (\frac{1000J}{1kJ})\times (\frac{1}{46g/mol})=109.13J/g$

Putting values in equation 2, we get:

$q_2=42.0g\times 109.13J/g\\\\q_2=4583.5J$

For process 3:

We are given:

Change in temperature remains the same.

$m=42.0g\\c_l=2.3J/g.K\\T_2=78^oC\\T_1=-144^oC\\\Delta T=[T_2-T_1]=[78-(-144)]^oC=222^oC=222K$

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$q_3=42.0g\times 2.3J/g.K\times 222K\\\\q_3=21445.2J$

For process 4:

We are given:

$m=42.0g\\\Delta H_{vap}=38.56kJ/mol=\frac{38.56kJ}{1mol}\times (\frac{1000J}{1kJ})\times (\frac{1}{46g/mol})=773.04J/g$

Putting values in equation 2, we get:

$q_4=42.0g\times 773.04J/g\\\\q_4=32467.7J$

Total heat required = $[q_1+q_2+q_3+q_4]$

Total heat required = $[448.14+4583.5+21445.2+32467.7]J=58944.5J$

Hence, the total heat required is 58944.5 J

8 0

3 years ago

Phosphoric acid has 3 pka values, which are 2.1, 6.9, and 12.4. draw the protonated form of phosphoric acid associated with the

Margaret [11]

As mentioned above, phosphoric acid has 3 pKa values, and after 3 ionization it gives 3 types of ions at different pKa values:

H₃PO₄(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + H₂PO₄⁻ (aq) pKₐ₁


H₂PO₄⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + HPO₄²⁻ (aq) pKₐ₂

HPO₄²⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + PO₄³⁻ (aq) pKₐ₃

At the highest pKa value (12.4) of phosphoric acid, the last OH group will lose its hydrogen. On the picture I attached, it is shown required protonated form of phosphoric acid before reaction whose pKa value is 12.4.

6 0

4 years ago

Methane gas and chlorine gas react to form hydrogen chloride gas and carbon tetrachloride gas. What volume of hydrogen chloride

IrinaK [193]

The question is incomplete, here is the complete question:

Methane gas and chlorine gas react to form hydrogen chloride gas and carbon tetrachloride gas. What volume of hydrogen chloride would be produced by this reaction if 1.1 mL of methane were consumed? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.

Answer: The volume of hydrogen chloride produced in the reaction will be 4.4 mL

Explanation:

We are given:

Volume of methane gas = 1.1 mL

The chemical equation for the reaction of methane gas and chlorine gas follows:

$CH_4(g)+4Cl_2(g)\rightarrow 4HCl(g)+CCl_4(g)$

Moles of methane gas = 1 mole

Moles of hydrogen chloride gas = 4 moles

The relationship of number of moles and volume at constant temperature and pressure was given by Avogadro's law. This law states that volume is directly proportional to number of moles at constant temperature and pressure.

The equation used to calculate number of moles is given by:

$\frac{V_1}{n_1}=\frac{V_2}{n_2}$