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3 years ago

Explain the difference between cleavage and fracture

1 answer:

7 0

Fracture is the characteristic way a mineral breaks. The difference between cleavage and fracture is that cleavage is the break of a crystal face where a new crystal face is formed where the mineral broke, whereas fracture is the "chipping" of a mineral making it Uneven - A fracture that leaves a rough or irregular surface.

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An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. At the beginning of the compression process, air is at 95 kPa and 27°C, and 75

katen-ka-za [31]

Answer:

Part A) 3899 kPa

Part B) 392.33 kJ/kg

Part C) 0.523

Part D) 495 kPa

Explanation:

Part A

First from the temperature at state 1 the relative specific volume and the internal energy at that state are determined from:

$u_{1}$ = 214.07 kJ/kg

$\alpha$ $r_{1}$ = 621.2

The relative specific volume at state 2 is obtained from the compression ratio:

$\alpha$ $r_{2}$ = $\frac{\alpha r_{1} }{r}$

=621.2/ 8

= 77.65

From this the temperature and internal energy at state 2 can be determined using interpolation with data from A-17(table):

$T_{2}$ = 673 K

$u_{2}$ = 491.2 kJ/kg

The pressure at state 2 can be determined by manipulating the ideal gas relations at state 1 and 2:

$P_{2}$ = $P_{1} r\frac{T_{2} }{T_{1} }$

= 95*8*673/300

= 1705 kPa

Now from the energy balance for stage 2-3 the internal energy at state 3 can be obtained:

$deltau_{2-3} =q_{in}\\ u_{3} -u_{2} =q_{in}\\u_{3}=u_{2}+q_{in}$

= 1241.2 kJ/kg

From this the temperature and relative specific volume at state 3 can be determined by interpolation with data from A-17(table):

$T_{3}$ = 1539 K

$\alpha r_{3}$ = 6.588

The pressure at state 3 can be obtained by manipulating the ideal gas relations for state 2 and 3:

$P_{3} =P_{2} \frac{T_{3} }{T_{2} }$

= 3899 kPa

The relative specific volume at state 4 is obtained from the compression ratio:

$\alpha r_{4}= r\alpha r_{3}$

= 52.7

From this the temperature and internal energy at state 4 can be determined by interpolation with data from A-17:

$T_{4}$ =775 K

$u_{4}$ = 571.74 kJ/kg

The net work output is the difference of the heat input and heat rejection where the heat rejection is determined from the decrease in internal energy in stage 4-1:

$w=q_{in}-q_{out}\\q_{in}-(u_{4} -u_{1} )\\=392.33 kJ/kg$

The thermal efficiency is obtained from the work and the heat input:

η= $\frac{w}{q_{in} }$

=0.523

The mean effective pressure is determined from its standard relation:

MEP= $\frac{w}{\alpha_{1}- \alpha_{2} }$

= $\frac{w}{\alpha_{1}(1- \frac{1}{r} }$

= $\frac{rwP_{1} }{RT_{1} (r-1) }$

=495 kPa

8 0

3 years ago

Why are frames of reference important for motion

Fynjy0 [20]

Because frame of reference decides are your forces positive or negative. It is important for the direction of motion.

7 0

3 years ago

a boy runs from his house to school at speed 5m/s on a straight road and returns with speed of 10m/s.The distance between the ho

CaHeK987 [17]

Explanation:

time spent to run from house to school=100/5=20s

time spent to return from school=100/10=10s

average velocity=200m/(10+20)

=6.66m/s

3 0

3 years ago

Which statement is true about how early humans met their needs?

Black_prince [1.1K]

Answer:

they were hunter gatherers

Explanation:

8 0

2 years ago

7. 13 a turbine receives steam at 6 mpa, 600°c with an exit pressure of 600 kpa. Assume the turbine is adiabatic and neglect kin

AnnyKZ [126]

The work done by the turbine will be 708.2 kJ/kg. The work done by the turbine is the difference of the enthalpy at inlet and exit.

<h3 /><h3>What is temperature?</h3>

Temperature directs the hotness or coldness of a body. In clear terms, it is the method of finding the kinetic energy of particles within an entity. Faster the motion of particles, more the temperature.

If the given turbine is assumed to be reversible;

$\rm P_I$ (Initial pressure)=60 mpa = 60 bar