The loss of matter is called the mass defect. The missing matter is converted into energy. You can actually calculate the amount of energy produced during a nuclear reaction with fairly simple equation developed by Albert Einstein; E = mc^2. In this equation, E is the amount of energy produced, m is the missing mass, or the mass defect, and c is the speed of light, which is a rather large number. The speed of light is squared, making that part of the equation a very large number that, even when multiplied by a small amount of mass, yields a large amount of energy.
As we know that in transformers we have

here we know that



now from above equation we will have



Answer
given,
wavelength of light in air = 700 nm
Wavelength of light in water = 530 nm
We know that speed of light changes when it moves from one medium to another.
And the frequency of the wavelength does not changes if the medium changes.
we also know that,
v = ν λ
From the above equation we can say that if frequency is constant so, with the change in velocity changes wavelength will also change.
Hence, wavelength is the property of the wave which determines color.
'In transverse waves, the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of the flow of energy' is true for transverse waves only.
'In longitudinal waves, the particles of the medium move parallel to the direction of the flow of energy' is true for longitudinal waves only.
'Many wave motions in nature are a combination of longitudinal and transverse motion' is true for both longitudinal and transverse waves.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Longitudinal waves are those where the direction of propagation of particles are parallel to the medium' particles. While transverse waves propagate perpendicular to the medium' particles.
As wave motions are assumed to be of standing waves which comprises of particles moving parallel as well as perpendicular to the medium, most of the wave motions are composed of longitudinal and transverse motion.
So the option stating the medium' particle moves perpendicular to the direction of the energy flow is true for transverse waves. Similarly, the option stating the medium' particle moves parallel to the direction of flow of energy is true for longitudinal waves only.
And the option stating that wave motions comprises of combination of longitudinal and transverse motion is true for both of them.