Answer:
C. underground road
Explanation:
Generally compound curves are not filtered and recommended for use in an underground road. However, they are best used in the road, water way, and rail way.
Friction losses in pipes can be reduced by decreasing the length of the pipes, reducing the surface roughness of the pipes, and increasing the pipe diameter. Thus, options (c),(e), and (f) hold correct answers.
Friction loss is a measure of the amount of energy a piping system loses because flowing fluids meet resistance. As fluids flow through the pipes, they carry energy with them. Unfortunately, whenever there is resistance to the flow rate, it diverts fluids, and energy escapes. These opposing forces result in friction loss in pipes.
Friction loss in pipes can decrease the efficiency of the functions of pipes. These are a few ways by which friction loss in pipes can be reduced and the efficiency of the piping system can be boosted:
- <u><em>Decrease the length of the pipes</em></u>: By decreasing pipe lengths and avoiding the use of sharp turns, fittings, and tees, whenever possible result in a more natural path for fluids to flow.
- <u><em>Reduce the surface roughness of the pipes</em></u>: By reducing the interior surface roughness of pipes, a smooth and clearer path is provided for liquids to flow.
- <u><em>Increase the pipe diameter: </em></u>By widening the diameters of pipes, it is ensured that fluids squeeze through pipes easily.
You can learn more about friction losses at
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Answer: 383.22K
Explanation:
L = 3m, w = 1.5m
Area A = 3 x 1.5 = 4.5m2
Q' = 750W/m2 (heat from sun) ,
& = 0.87
Q = &Q' = 0. 87x750 = 652.5W/m2
E = QA = 652.5 x 4.5 = 2936.25W
T(sur) = 300K, T(panel) = ?
Using E = §€A(T^4(panel) - T^4(sur))
§ = Stefan constant = 5.7x10^-8
€ = emmisivity = 0.85
2936.25 = 5.7x10^-8 x 0.85 x 4.5 x (T^4(panel) - 300^4)
T(panel) = 383.22K
See image for further details.
The correct question;
An object of irregular shape has a characteristic length of L = 1 m and is maintained at a uniform surface temperature of Ts = 400 K. When placed in atmospheric air at a temperature of Tinfinity = 300 K and moving with a velocity of V = 100 m/s, the average heat flux from the surface to the air is 20,000 W/m² If a second object of the same shape, but with a characteristic length of L = 5 m, is maintained at a surface temperature of Ts = 400 K and is placed in atmospheric air at Too = 300 K, what will the value of the average convection coefficient be if the air velocity is V = 20 m/s?
Answer:
h'_2 = 40 W/K.m²
Explanation:
We are given;
L1 = 1m
L2 = 5m
T_s = 400 K
T_(∞) = 300 K
V = 100 m/s
q = 20,000 W/m²
Both objects have the same shape and density and thus their reynolds number will be the same.
So,
Re_L1 = Re_L2
Thus, V1•L1/v1 = V2•L2/v2
Hence,
(h'_1•L1)/k1 = (h'_2•L2)/k2
Where h'_1 and h'_2 are convection coefficients
Since k1 = k2, thus, we now have;
h'_2 = (h'_1(L1/L2)) = [q/(T_s - T_(∞))]• (L1/L2)
Thus,
h'_2 = [20,000/(400 - 300)]•(1/5)
h'_2 = 40 W/K.m²
