49.Which of the following statements regarding chemical equilibrium is true?

A radiometer is shown below. When infrared light passes through the radiometer

natita [175]

We can’t see the pic

4 0

3 years ago

Ozone consists of three oxygen atoms (O3) and water consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O).

marin [14]

Forming a covalent bond

A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons. Covalent bonding occurs in most non-metal elements, and in compounds formed between non-metals.

These shared electrons are found in the outer shells of the atoms. Usually each atom contributes one electron to the shared pair of electrons.

The slideshow shows how a covalent bond forms between a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom, making hydrogen chloride.

Structures of a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom.

1. A hydrogen atom with one electron and a chlorine atom with 17 electrons

Molecules

Most covalently bonded substances consist of small molecules. A molecule is a group of two or more atoms joined together by covalent bonds. Molecules of the same element or compound always contain the same number of atoms of each element.

The atoms in a molecule are always joined together by a covalent bond. Substances that are made up of ions do not form molecules.

Sizes of atoms and simple molecules

A small molecule contains only a few atoms, so atoms and small molecules have a similar range of sizes. They are very small, typically around 0.1 nm or 1 × 10-10 m across.

Ps please mark me as brainiest please

3 0

3 years ago

Under standard-state conditions, which of the following species is the best reducing agent? a. Ag+ b. Pb c. H2 d. Ag e. Mg2+

eimsori [14]

Answer: The correct answer is Option b.

Explanation:

Reducing agents are defined as the agents which help the other substance to get reduced and itself gets oxidized. They undergo oxidation reaction.

$X\rightarrow X^{n+}+ne^-$

For determination of reducing agents, we will look at the oxidation potentials of the substance. Oxidation potentials can be determined by reversing the standard reduction potentials.

For the given options:

Option a: $Ag^+$

This ion cannot be further oxidized because +1 is the most stable oxidation state of silver.

Option b: $Pb$

This metal can easily get oxidized to $Pb^{2+}$ ion and the standard oxidation potential for this is 0.13 V

$Pb\rightarrow Pb^{2+}+2e^-;E^o_{(Pb/Pb^{2+})}=+0.13V$

Option c: $H_2$

This metal can easily get oxidized to $H^{+}$ ion and the standard oxidation potential for this is 0.0 V

$H_2\rightarrow 2H^++2e^-;E^o_{(H_2/H^{+})}=0.0V$

Option d: $Ag$

This metal can easily get oxidized to $Ag^{+}$ ion and the standard oxidation potential for this is -0.80 V

$Ag\rightarrow Ag^{+}+e^-;E^o_{(Ag/Ag^{+})}=-0.80V$

Option e: $Mg^{2+}$

This ion cannot be further oxidized because +2 is the most stable oxidation state of magnesium.

By looking at the standard oxidation potential of the substances, the substance having highest positive $E^o$ potential will always get oxidized and will undergo oxidation reaction. Thus, considered as strong reducing agent.