Atoms of elements in and beyond the third period of the periodic table form some compounds in which more than eight electrons surround the central atom. In addition to the 3s and 3p orbitals, elements in the third period also have 3d orbitals that can be used in bonding. These orbitals enable an atom to form an <u>expanded octet</u>.
The central Xe atom in the XeF₄ molecule has <u>two</u> unbonded electron pairs and <u>four</u> bonded electron pairs in its valence shell.
The majority of the mass of the atom is located in the nucleus. Remember that the nucleus contains both protons and neutrons and therefore, most of the mass of the atom.