Answer:
<em>The comoving distance and the proper distance scale</em>
<em></em>
Explanation:
The comoving distance scale removes the effects of the expansion of the universe, which leaves us with a distance that does not change in time due to the expansion of space (since space is constantly expanding). The comoving distance and proper distance are defined to be equal at the present time; therefore, the ratio of proper distance to comoving distance now is 1. The scale factor is sometimes not equal to 1. The distance between masses in the universe may change due to other, local factors like the motion of a galaxy within a cluster. Finally, we note that the expansion of the Universe results in the proper distance changing, but the comoving distance is unchanged by an expanding universe.
42.9°
Explanation:
Let's assume that the x-axis is aligned with the incline and the positive direction is up the incline. We can then apply Newton's 2nd law as follows:
Note that the net force is zero because the block is moving with a constant speed when the angle of the incline is set at 
Solving for the angle, we get
or
![\;\;\;= \sin^{-1}\left[\dfrac{34\:\text{N}}{(5.1\:\text{kg})(9.8\:\text{m/s}^2)}\right]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5C%3B%5C%3B%5C%3B%3D%20%20%5Csin%5E%7B-1%7D%5Cleft%5B%5Cdfrac%7B34%5C%3A%5Ctext%7BN%7D%7D%7B%285.1%5C%3A%5Ctext%7Bkg%7D%29%289.8%5C%3A%5Ctext%7Bm%2Fs%7D%5E2%29%7D%5Cright%5D)
The second runner must run 3.3m/s. If the leading runner is 1.5 seconds ahead and there are 30m left, the second runner would need to run slightly faster than the lead in order to finish at the same time. To calculate this I did 30/1.5 which gave me 0.05. I added this onto the speed of the lead runner to get 3.3m/s :)
Choice c it's confusing to understand but it's c
