As water is boiled, kinetic energy causes<span> the </span>hydrogen bonds to break<span> completely and allows water molecules to escape into the air as gas (steam or water vapor). When water freezes, water molecules form a crystalline structure maintained by </span>hydrogen bonding<span>. Solid water, or </span>ice<span>, is less dense than liquid water.</span>
Answer:
The explanation of the processes in which pigments are involved (capturing light and forming ATP and NADPH) is given in the following paragraphs)
Explanation:
Pigments are molecules with the capacity of absorbing light. Each pigment captures light of a specific wavelength. Plants contain different types of pigments like chlorophylls, xanthophylls, carotenoids, and others.
Chloroplasts (organelles present in cells of plants), contain pigmants that absorb solar radiation, triggering a series of reactions collectively known as photosynthesis. When light incides on a pigment, an electron of this molecules is excitated, goes into another level of energy and starts to pass through a series of carrier molecules to finally to a final aceptor of electrons. During this transport, part of the energy contained in the electron is used to generates a hydrogen gradient that provides energy. As a result of these processes, a molecule that is called NADP+ accepts two electrons and an hydrogen to form NADPH, while another molecule known as ADP captures an atom of phosphorous and gives rise to ATP (through the action of a protein called ATP sintase)..
The answer would be 6 e-. This is becuase you are turning a charge of -4 into a +2. In order to do this, you transfer 4 electrons for a neutral charge, and an additional 2 for a charge of +2.
This makes a total charge of +2, and the total transferred electrons 6 e-
Oxygen is needed to carry out a lot of biochemical processes in the body. If the amount of oxygen available to the blood decreases significantly a lot of things will go wrong in the body. For instance, lack of adequate oxygen will lead to the death of neurons which will eventually leads to brain cells death and irreparable brain damage. Oxygen is also needed for cellular respiration, without respiration, there will not be oxygen for carrying out various cellular activities and this will result into death. Oxygen deprivation will also leads to difficulty in breathing and other associated problems.
With increasing temperature of the chemical reaction
