It's called covelant bonding
As the first astronaut throws the ball, lets assume it goes with v velocity and the mass of the ball be m
the momentum comes out be mv, thus to conserve that momentum the astronaut will move opposite to the direction of the ball's motion with the velocity mv/M (where M is the mass of the astronaut).
Answer:
Parallel
Explanation:
An electric charge in a magnetic field will experience no force if the charge is moving parallel to the field.
