Mechanical energy (ME) is the sum of potential energy (PE) and kinetic energy (KE). When the toy falls, energy is converted from PE to KE, but by conservation of energy, ME (and therefore PE+KE) will remain the same.
Therefore, ME at 0.500 m is the same as ME at 0.830 m (the starting point). It's easier to calculate ME at the starting point because its just PE we need to worry about (but if we wanted to we could calculate the instantaneous PE and KE at 0.500 m too and add them to get the same answer).
At the start:
ME = PE = mgh
ME = 0.900 (9.8) (0.830)
ME = 7.32 J
Democritus was the one who did not have experimental evidence to support his theory of the atom.
Answer: Option 4
<u>Explanation:
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The discovery of atoms were first stated by Democritus but due to the absence of any experimental proof, his statement was not noted as significant at that time.
After this, Dalton made the specific assumptions formulating some postulates for the atomic theory with proof. Then the cathode rays tube experiments performed by Thomson lead to the formation of plum pudding models of atom.
This is followed by Rutherford’s gold foil experiment discovering the presence of nucleus inside the atoms. So, Democritus first stated but due to absence of experimental evidences, his theory of atoms were not supported at that time.
