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postnew [5]
3 years ago
15

Part a use valence bond theory to devise a hybridization and bonding scheme for co2. match the words in the left column to the a

ppropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.

Chemistry
1 answer:
PSYCHO15rus [73]3 years ago
4 0
Q1)
first lets draw the lewis structure for CO₂
C is the central atom with O atom on either side of C
O - C - O
the number of valence electrons around each atom 
C- 4
O - 6
O - 6
total number of valence electrons - 16
number of electron pairs - 16/2 = 8
1 pair is shared between 1 O atom and C and another electron pair is shared between C and other O atom 
that leaves us with 8 -2 = 6 pairs 
add 3 pairs each for O atoms as lone pairs and octets for both O atoms are completed. But in C the octet is not complete yet. So we convert the 2 single bonds between C and O to 2 double bonds on either side. then octet of C is complete. number of lone pairs around O is reduced to 2 lone pairs.
the structure is as follows
  ..            . .
: O = C = O :
to determine the geometry lets use VSEPR
number of valence electrons around C - 4
number of bonds around C (2 O with 2 electrons contributed - 4
total number of electrons - 8
number of electron pairs - 4
VSEPR geometry for 4 pairs with no lone pairs is linear geometry

1. The lewis structure for CO₂ has a central carbon atom attached to oxygen atoms through two double bonds.

2. Carbon dioxide has a linear electron geometry

3. Carbon atom is sp hybridized.

4. Carbon dioxide has two <span>C(p)-O(p)</span> π bonds and two O(sp²)-C(sp) sigma bonds.
the geometry of CO₂ linear means its sp hybridised where each orbital has 50% s and 50% p character. One s orbital and one p orbital have mixed and form 2 sp orbitals. the remaining p orbitals take part in π bonds and sp orbitals take part in sigma bonding. So between C and O there's one sigma bond and one pi bond. Altogether 2 sigma bonds and 2 pi bonds.
O has 3 sp² orbitals with 2 of them being lone pair orbitals. One sp² orbital bonds with sp orbital of C forming a sigma bond. the other p orbital of O bonds with p orbital of C forming a pi bond.

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A burning candle demonstrates the following type of energy transformations.
Ronch [10]

Answer:

B

Explanation:

the candle is hot so the first energy form should be heat. u could now just eliminate the rest but for further notice. the heat melts the wax in the candle, which is a physical change but also the thread is burning out which is a chemical change then light follows

5 0
2 years ago
An aqueous KNO3 solution is made using 72.5 g of KNO3 diluted to a total solution volume of 2.00 L. Calculate the molarity, mola
Sonja [21]

Answer:

The molarity is 0.359\frac{moles}{L}

The molality is 0.354 \frac{moles}{kg}

The mass percent of the solution es 3.45%

Explanation:

Molarity is a unit of concentration that indicates the amount of moles of solute that appear dissolved in each liter of the mixture. It is determined by:

Molarity (M)=\frac{number of moles of solute}{volume}

Being:

  • K: 39 g/mole
  • N: 14 g/mole
  • O: 16 g/mole

The molar mass of KNO₃ is:

KNO₃=  39 g/mole + 14 g/mole + 3*16 g/mole= 101 g/mole

You can apply the following rule of three: if 101 grams of KNO₃ are present in 1 mole, 72.5 grams in how many moles are present?

moles of KNO_{3}=\frac{72.5 grams*1 mole}{101 grams}

moles of KNO₃= 0.718

So you have:

  • moles of KNO₃= 0.718
  • volume= 2 L

Applying this quantity in the definition of molarity:

molarity=\frac{0.718 moles}{2 L}

Molarity= 0.359\frac{moles}{L}

<u><em>The molarity is 0.359</em></u>\frac{moles}{L}<u><em></em></u>

Molality is a way of measuring the concentration of solute in solvent and indicates the amount of moles of solute in each kilogram of solvent.

Then the molality is calculated by:

Molality=\frac{moles of solute}{mass of solvent in kilograms}

Density is defined as the property that matter, whether solid, liquid or gas, has to compress in a given space. That is, it is the amount of mass per unit volume. So, if the density of 1.05 g / mL for the solution indicates that in 1 mL of solution there are 1.05 grams of solution, in 2000 mL (where 2L = 2000 mL, because 1 L = 1000mL) how much mass is there?

mass=\frac{2000 mL*1.05 grams}{1 mL}

mass= 2100 grams

Since mass solution = mass water + mass KNO₃

then mass water = mass solution - mass KNO₃

Being mass solution 2100 grams and mass KNO₃ 72.5 grams, and replacing you get: mass water= 2100 grams - 72.5 grams

mass water= 2,027.5 grams

Then, being:

  • moles of KNO₃= 0.718
  • mass of solvent in kilograms= 2.0275 kg (being 2,027.5 grams= 2.0275 kilograms because 1,000 grams= 1 kilogram)

Replacing in the definition of molality:

molality=\frac{0.718 moles}{2.0275 kg}

molality= 0.354 \frac{moles}{kg}

<u><em>The molality is 0.354 </em></u>\frac{moles}{kg}<u><em></em></u>

The mass percent of a solution is the number of grams of solute per 100 grams of solution. Then the mass percent is the mass of the element or solute divided by the mass of the compound or solute and the result of which is multiplied by 100 to give a percentage.

mass percent=\frac{mass of solute}{mass of solution} *100

So, in this case:

mass percent=\frac{72.5 grams}{2100 grams} *100

mass percent= 3.45 % KNO₃ by mass

<u><em>The mass percent of the solution es 3.45%</em></u>

3 0
2 years ago
Which energy source is a free resource that produces no greenhouse gases?
bagirrra123 [75]
I think it’s solar but I’m sorry if that’s wrong :)
7 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Determine the name for aqueous hbr. determine the name for aqueous hbr. bromic acid hydrobromous acid bromous acid hydrobromic a
Vadim26 [7]

The answer is hydrobromic acid.

That is the name for aqueous HBr is hydrobromic acid.

If there is no water that is if it is not aqueous then the name will be hydrogen bromide but as it is acid and in aqueous state so the name will be  hydrobromic acid. As it is acid that's why the suffic ic is used and as it is in aqueous state, so hydro is used.

6 0
3 years ago
How will the vapor pressure of a solution compare to the pure solvent?
n200080 [17]

Answer: vapor pressure of solution will be less than that of the pure solvent

Explanation:

Vapor pressure of a liquid  is defined as the pressure exerted by the vapors  in equilibrium with the liquid/solution at a particular temperature.

So, when a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent then its molecules align at the surface of liquid. As a result, less number of solvent molecules will escape from the solution. Thus, there will be decrease in vapors and thus the vapor pressure decrease.

As the relative lowering of vapor pressure is directly proportional to the amount of dissolved solute.

The formula for relative lowering of vapor pressure will be,

\frac{p^o-p_s}{p^o}=\frac{w_2M_1}{w_1M_2}

where,

p^o = vapor pressure of pure solvent

p_s = vapor pressure of solution  

w_2 = mass of solute

w_1 = mass of solvent  

M_1 = molar mass of solvent

M_2 = molar mass of solute

4 0
3 years ago
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