Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell. Those are t<span>he electrons on an atom that can be gained or lost in a chemical reaction.
</span>Elements that are left on the periodic table <span> have relatively few </span>valence electrons<span>, and can form ions more easily by losing their </span>valence electrons<span> to form positively charged cations.</span>
<span>Nonmetals are further to the right on the periodic table, so they gain electrons relatively easily and lose them with difficulty. </span>
When water reaches its boiling point and turns into water vapor, the molecular structure of water remains the same. It is only the state of the substance that is changed in this process. I hope this helps you
PbSO₄ partially dissociates in water. the balanced equation is;
PbSO₄(s) ⇄ Pb²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)
Initial - -
Change -X +X +X
Equilibrium X X
Ksp = [Pb²⁺(aq)] [SO₄²⁻(aq)]
1.6 x 10⁻⁸ = X * X
1.6 x 10⁻⁸ = X²
X = 1.3 x 10⁻⁴ M
Hence the Pb²⁺ concentration in underground water is 1.3 x 10⁻⁴ M.
[Pb²⁺] = 1.3 x 10⁻⁴ M.
= 1.3 x 10⁻⁴ mol / L x 207 g / mol
= 26.91 ppm
