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kipiarov [429]
3 years ago
15

214Bi83 --> 214Po84 + eBismuth-214 undergoes first-order radioactive decay to polonium-214 by the release of a beta particle,

as represented by the nuclear equation above. Which of the following quantities plotted versus time will produce a straight line?(A) [Bi](B) [Po](C) ln[Bi](D) 1/[Bi]
Engineering
2 answers:
tiny-mole [99]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Option C. ln[Bi]

Explanation:

The nuclear equation of first-order radioactive decay of Bi to Po is:

²¹⁴Bi₈₃  →  ²¹⁴Po₈₄ + e⁻

The radioactive decay is expressed by the following equation:

N_{t} = N_{0}e^{-\lambda t}      (1)  

<em>where Nt: is the number of particles at time t, No: is the initial number of particles, and λ: is the decay constant.     </em>            

<u>To plot the variation of the quantities in function of time, we need to solve equation (1) for t: </u>

Ln(\frac{N_{t}}{N_{0}}) = -\lambda t      (2)

<u>Firts, we need to convert the number of particles of Bi (N) to concentrations, as follows:</u>

[Bi] = \frac {N particles}{N_{A} * V}                            (3)  

[Bi]_{0} = \frac {N_{0} particles}{N_{A} * V}               (4)  

<em>where </em>N_{A}<em>: si the Avogadro constant and V is the volume.</em>

Now, introducing equations (3) and (4) into (2), we have:

Ln (\frac {\frac {[Bi]*N_{A}}{V}}{\frac {[Bi]_{0}*N_{A}}{V}}) = -\lambda t  

Ln (\frac {[Bi]}{[Bi]_{0}}) = -\lambda t      (5)

Finally, from equation (5) we can get a plot of Bi versus time in where the curve is a straight line:

Ln ([Bi]) = -\lambda t + Ln([Bi]_{0})      

Therefore, the correct answer is option C. ln[Bi].

I hope it helps you!          

Zolol [24]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

(C) ln [Bi]

Explanation:

Radioactive materials will usually decay based on their specific half lives. In radioactivity, the plot of the natural logarithm of the original radioactive material against time will give a straight-line curve. This is mostly used to estimate the decay constant that is equivalent to the negative of the slope. Thus, the answer is option C.

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Answer:

(a) Q=332 kvar and C=5.66 uF

(b) pf=0.90 lagging

Explanation:

Given Data:

P=600kW

V=12.47kV

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pf_{old} =0.75

pf_{new} =0.95

(a) Find the required kVAR rating of a capacitor

\alpha _{old}=cos^{-1}(0.75) =41.41°

\alpha _{new}=cos^{-1}(0.95) =18.19°

The required compensation reactive power can be found by

Q=P(tan(\alpha_{old}) - tan(\alpha_{new}))

Q=600(tan(41.41) - tan(18.19))

Q=332 kvar

The corresponding capacitor value can be found by

C=Q/2\pi fV^{2}

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C=5.66 uF

(b) calculate the resultant supply power factor

First convert the hp into kW

P_{mech} =250*746=186.5 kW

Find the electrical power (real power) of the motor

P_{elec} =P_{mech}/n

where n is the efficiency of the motor

P_{elec} =186.5/0.80=233.125 kW

The current in the motor is

I_{m} =(P/\*V*pf)

The pf of motor is 0.85 Leading

Note that represents the angle in complex notation (polar form)

I_{m} =(233.125/12.47*0.85)

I_{m}=18.694+11.586j A

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pf of load is 0.75 lagging (notice the minus sign)

I_{load} =(600/12.47*0.75)

I_{load} =48.115-42.433j A

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I_{supply} =66.809-30.847j A

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I_{supply} =73.58°

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Which makes sense because original power factor was 0.75 then we installed synchronous motor which resulted in improved power factor of 0.90

8 0
3 years ago
A rigid 14-L vessel initially contains a mixture of liquid water and vapor at 100°C with 12.3 percent quality. The mixture is th
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Answer:

Q = 65.388 KJ

Explanation:

To calculate the heat required for the given process Q, we recall the energy balance equation.

Therefore, : Q = Δ U = m (u₂ - u₁) ..................equation (1)

We should note that there are no kinetic or potential energy change so the heat input in the system is converted only to internal energy.

Therefore, we will start the equation with the mass of the water (m) using given the initial percentage quality as x₁ = 0.123 and initial temperature t₁ = 100⁰c , we can them determine the initial specific volume v₁ of the mixture. For the calculation, we will also need the specific volume of liquid vₙ  = 0.001043m³/kg and water vapour (vₐ) = 1.6720m³/kg

Therefore, u₁ = vₙ + x₁ . ( vₐ - vₙ)

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                   u₁ = 0.2066m³/kg

Moving forward, the mass of the vapor can then be calculated using the given volume of tank V = 14 L but before the calculation, we need to convert the volume to from liters to m³.

Therefore, V = 14L . 1m² / 1000L = 0.014 m³

Hence, m = V / u₁

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Also, the initial specific internal energy u₁ can be calculated using the given the initial given quality of x₁ , the specific internal energy of liquid water vₐ = 419.06 kj / kg and the specific internal energy of evaporation vₐₙ = 2087.0 kj/kg.

Therefore, u₁ = vₐ + x₁ . vₐₙ

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Hence, x₂ = u₂ - vₙ / uₐ

x₂ = 0.2066 m³/kg - 0.001091m³/kg / 0.39248m³/kg

x₂ = 0.524

Moving forward to calculate the final internal energy u₂, we have :

u₂ = vₙ + x₂ . vₙₐ

u₂ = 631.66 kj/kg + 0.524  . 1927.4 kj/kg

u₂ = 1641.62 kj/kg

We now return to equation (1) to plug in the values generated thus far

Q = m (u₂ - u₁)

0. 0677 kg ( 1641.62 kj/kg - 675.76 kj/kg)

Q = 65.388KJ

7 0
3 years ago
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Answer and Explanation:

The criteria defined for the instruments that changes rapidly with time, ae called dynamic characteristics. These characteristics are namely

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3. Dynamic error

4. Measuring lag

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It is the speed with which a measurement system responds to changes in the measured quantity.

Fidelity

It is the degree to which a measurement system indicates changes in the measured quantity without dynamic error.

Dynamic error

It is the difference between the true value of the quantity changing with time and the value indicated by the measurement system if no static error is assumed. It is also known as measurement error.

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Answer:

Check the explanation

Explanation:

Main1.java

import java.lang.InterruptedException;

import java.lang.Thread;

import java.util.Random;

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public static void main(String[] args) {

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Random r = new Random();

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for (int i = 0; i < FARMERS; i++) {

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} else {

farmer = new NorthBoundFarmer(bridge);

}

cross(farmer);

}

}

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new Thread(f).start();

}

}

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public class SouthBoundFarmer extends Farmer {

public SouthBoundFarmer(Bridge b) {

super(b);

this.name = "South";

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import java.lang.InterruptedException;

import java.util.Random;

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private Bridge bridge;

private Random random;

protected String name;

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this.bridge = b;

this.random = new Random();

}

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System.out.println("[" + this.name + "] Waiting to enter bridge...");

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this.lock = new Semaphore(1);

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KINDLY CHECK THE OUTPUT BELOW :

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