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3 years ago

Acetic acid weighs 60g contains 40% carbon, 6.67% hydrogen, and 55.33% oxygen. Calculate it’s molecular formula.

Chemistry

1 answer:

nignag [31]3 years ago

6 0

C₂H₄O₂ is the molecular formula of acetic acid

Explanation:

Acetic acid have a molecular wight of 60 g/mol.

The correct mass percentages for acetic acid are 40% carbon, 6.67% hydrogen and 53.33 % oxygen.

To find the molecular formula knowing the elements mass percentages we use the following algorithm:

we divide each percentage by the atomic weight of the element

for carbon 40 / 12 = 3.33

for hydrogen 6.67 / 1 = 6.67

for oxygen 53.33 / 16 = 3.33

now we divide each value obtained by the smallest value, which is 3.33

for carbon 3.33 / 3.33 = 1

for hydrogen 6.67 / 3.33= 2

for oxygen 3.33 / 3.33 = 1

empirical formula for acetic acid is CH₂O

molecular formula for acetic acid is (CH₂O)ₓ

30x g/mol = 60 g/mol (given by the problem)

x = 2

so the molecular formula for acetic acid is C₂H₄O₂

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molecular formula

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3 years ago

Rank the following elements by effective nuclear charge, Zeff, for a valence electron. F LI Be B N

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Answer:

Rank in increasing order of effective nuclear charge:

Li < Be < B < N < F

Explanation:

This explains the meaning of effective nuclear charge, Zeff, how to determine it, and the calculations for a valence electron of each of the five given elements: F, Li, Be, B, and N.

1) Effective nuclear charge definitions

While the total positive charge of the atom nucleus (Z) is equal to the number of protons, the electrons farther away from the nucleus experience an effective nuclear charge (Zeff) less than the total nuclear charge, due to the fact that electrons in between the nucleus and the outer electrons partially cancel the atraction from the nucleus.

Such effect on on a valence electron is estimated as the atomic number less the number of electrons closer to the nucleus than the electron whose effective nuclear charge is being determined: Zeff = Z - S.

2) Z eff for a F valence electron:

F's atomic number: Z = 9
Total number of electrons: 9 (same numer of protons)
Period: 17 (search in the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
Number of valence electrons: 7 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 9 - 7 = 2
Zeff = Z - S = 9 - 2 = 7

3) Z eff for a Li valence eletron:

Li's atomic number: Z = 3
Total number of electrons: 3 (same number of protons)
Period: 1 (search on the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
Number of valence electrons: 1 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 3 - 1 = 2
Z eff = Z - S = 3 - 2 = 1.

4) Z eff for a Be valence eletron:

Be's atomic number: Z = 4
Total number of electrons: 4 (same number of protons)
Period: 2 (search on the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
Number of valence electrons: 2 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 4 - 2 = 2
Z eff = Z - S = 4 - 2 = 2

5) Z eff for a B valence eletron:

B's atomic number: Z = 5
Total number of electrons: 5 (same number of protons)
Period: 13 (search on the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
Number of valence electrons: 3 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 5 - 3 = 2
Z eff = Z - S = 5 - 2 = 3

6) Z eff for a N valence eletron:

N's atomic number: Z = 7
Total number of electrons: 7 (same number of protons)
Period: 15 (search on the periodic table or do the electron configuration)
Number of valence electrons: 5 (equal to the last digit of the period's number)
Number of electrons closer to the nucleus than a valence electron: S = 7 - 5 = 2
Z eff = Z - S = 7 - 2 = 5

7) Summary (order):

Atom Zeff for a valence electron

Li 1

Be 2

Conclusion: the order is Li < Be < B < N < F

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