Answer:

ΔG ≅ 199.91 kJ
Explanation:
Consider the reaction:

temperature = 298.15K
pressure = 22.20 mmHg
From, The standard Thermodynamic Tables; the following data were obtained






The equilibrium constant determined from the partial pressure denoted as
can be expressed as :


= 0.045

where;
R = gas constant = 8.314 × 10⁻³ kJ



199.912952 kJ
ΔG ≅ 199.91 kJ
The weak base carbonate reacts with the water forming bicarbonate and the hydroxide ion.
<h3>What is a weak base?</h3>
The weak bases are given as the compounds that have the inability to get completely dissociated in water.
The carbonate is given as the weak base, as in water it remains constituted in the form of a bond with oxygen.
The reaction of water with the carbonate ion is given as:

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Answer:
1. open
2. open
Explanation:
1. An open system can exchange energy and matter.
2. The ocean is known to be an open system.
Answer:
You have to apply the base to an acid burn and vice versa.
Explanation:
Answer: (a) pH = 4.774, (b) pH = 4.811 and (c) pH = 4.681
Explanation: (a) pH of the buffer solution is calculated using Handerson equation:

pKa for acetic acid is 4.76. concentration of base and acid are given as 0.95M and 0.92M. Let's plug in the values in the equation and calculate the pH of starting buffer.

pH = 4.76 + 0.014
pH = 4.774
(b) When 0.040 mol of NaOH (strong base) are added to the buffer then it reacts with 0.040 mol of acetic acid and form 0.040 mol of sodium acetate.
Original buffer volume is 1.00 L. So, the original moles of sodium acetate will be 0.95 and acetic acid will be 0.92.
moles of acetic acid after addition of NaOH = 0.92 - 0.040 = 0.88
moles of sodium acetate after addition of NaOH = 0.95 + 0.040 = 0.99
Let's again plug in the values in the Handerson equation:

pH = 4.76 + 0.051
pH = 4.811
(c) When 0.100 mol of HCl are added then it reacts with exactly 0.100 moles of sodium acetate(base) and form 0.100 moles of acetic acid(acid).
so, new moles of acetic acid = 0.92 + 0.100 = 1.02
new moles of sodium acetate = 0.95 - 0.100 = 0.85
Let's plug in the values in the equation:

pH = 4.76 - 0.079
pH = 4.681