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densk [106]
3 years ago
5

Two waiters are trying to get through a single door of a kitchen. One pushes on one side of a door 0.567 m from the hinge with a

force of 257 N perpendicular to the door, the other pushes from the other side of the door 0.529 m from the hinge. The door doesn't move. With what perpendicular force is the second waiter pushing on the door?
Physics
1 answer:
NISA [10]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

275.5 N

Explanation:

F_{1} = Force on one side of the door by first waiter = 257 N

F_{2} = Force on other side of the door by second waiter

r_{1} = distance of first force by first waiter from hinge = 0.567 m

r_{2} = distance of second force by second waiter from hinge = 0.529 m

Since the door does not move. hence the door is in equilibrium

Using equilibrium of torque by force applied by each waiter

r_{1} F_{1} = r_{2} F_{2} \\(0.567) (257) = (0.529) F_{2}\\F_{2} = 275.5 N

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The blocks must be pushed with a force higher than 359 Newtons horizontally in order to accomplish this friction levitation feat.

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The first step in resolving any physics problem is to draw the given scenario (if possible), see the attached image to have an idea of the objects and forces involved.

The large cube in red is being pushed from the left by a force \vec{P} whose value is to be found. That cube has its own weight \vec{w}_1=m_1\vec{g}, and it is associated with the force of gravity which points downward. Newton's third law stipulates that the response from the floor is an upward pointing force on the cube, and it's called the normal force \vec{N}_1.

A second cube is being pushed by the first, and since the force \vec{P} is strong enough it is able to keep such block suspended as if it were glued to the first one, due to friction. As in the larger cube, the smaller one has a weight \vec{w}_2=m_2\vec{g} pointing downwards, but the normal force in this block doesn't point upwards since its 'floor' isn't below it, but in its side, therefore the normal force directs it to the right as it is shown in the picture. Normal forces are perpendicular to the surface they contact. The final force is the friction between both cubes, that sets a resistance of one moving parallel the other. In this case, the weight of the block its the force pointing parallel to the contact surface, so the friction opposes that force, and thus points upwards. Friction forces can be set as Fr=\mu~N, where \mu is the coefficient of static friction between the cubes.

Now that all forces involved are identified, the following step is to apply Newton's second law and add all the forces for each block that point in the same line, and set it as equal its mass multiplied by its acceleration. The condition over the smaller box is the relevant one so its the first one to be analyzed.

In the vertical component: \Sigma F^2_y=Fr-w_2=m_2 a_y Since the idea is that it doesn't slips downwards, the vertical acceleration should be set to zero a_y=0, and making explicit the other forces: \mu N_2-m_2g=0\quad\Rightarrow (0.710)N_2-(4.5)(10)=0\quad\Rightarrow N_2=(4.5)(10)/(0.710)\approx 63.38 [N]. In the last equation gravity's acceleration was rounded to 10 [m/s^2].

In its horizontal component: \Sigma F^2_x=N_2=m_2 a_x, this time the horizontal acceleration is not zero, because it is constantly being pushed. However, the value of the normal force and the mass of the block are known, so its horizontal acceleration can be determined: 63.38=(4.5) a_x \quad \Rightarrow a_x=(63.38)/(4.5)\approx 14.08 [m/s^2]. Notice that this acceleration is higher than the one of gravity, and it is understandable since you should be able to push it harder than gravity in order for it to not slip.

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