Electronegativity<span> is the measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself. Fluorine is the most </span>electronegative<span> element and francium is one of the least</span>electronegative<span>. ... The </span>molecule's polarity<span> will be determined on the negative and positive regions on the outer atoms in the </span>molecule<span>.</span>
Answer:
3,964 years.
Explanation:
- It is known that the decay of a radioactive isotope isotope obeys first order kinetics.
- Half-life time is the time needed for the reactants to be in its half concentration.
- If reactant has initial concentration [A₀], after half-life time its concentration will be ([A₀]/2).
- Also, it is clear that in first order decay the half-life time is independent of the initial concentration.
- The half-life of the element is 5,730 years.
- For, first order reactions:
<em>k = ln(2)/(t1/2) = 0.693/(t1/2).</em>
Where, k is the rate constant of the reaction.
t1/2 is the half-life of the reaction.
∴ k =0.693/(t1/2) = 0.693/(5,730 years) = 1.21 x 10⁻⁴ year⁻¹.
- Also, we have the integral law of first order reaction:
<em>kt = ln([A₀]/[A]),</em>
where, k is the rate constant of the reaction (k = 1.21 x 10⁻⁴ year⁻¹).
t is the time of the reaction (t = ??? year).
[A₀] is the initial concentration of the sample ([A₀] = 100%).
[A] is the remaining concentration of the sample ([A] = 61.9%).
∴ t = (1/k) ln([A₀]/[A]) = (1/1.21 x 10⁻⁴ year⁻¹) ln(100%/61.9%) = 3,964 years.
Answer:
C: It depends on the entropy and enthalpy of the reaction.
Explanation:
Gibbs free energy is defined as the maximum amount of non-expansion work that can be gotten from a closed system. Now this work is usually done in place of the system’s internal energy and Energy that is not extracted as work is usually exchanged with the immediate surroundings in the form of heat.
John Dalton was a scientist who proposed that all matter consists of atoms. At this stage, no one had yet discovered neutrons and the nucleus. As a result, Dalton's model consisted of a single atom i.e. the atom was the smallest object.
A mass spectrometer is an instrument that is able to see what is inside an atom. Scientists have been able to prove that the item is not the smallest object in the world. Atoms are made up of smaller objects called protons, neutrons and electrons.
We can, therefore, safely conclude that data from mass spectrometry has helped modern scientists to make modifications to Dalton's model. <span>
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Answer:
If 1,079.75 Joules of heat are added to 77.75 grams of water, by 3.32 degrees Celsius the temperature of water will increase
Explanation:
Here , q = heat added / removed from the substance
m = mass of the substance taken
= Change in temperature
C = specific heat capacity of the substance
In liquid state the value of C for water is :
Given values :
q = 1079.75 J
m = 77.75 gram
Insert the value of C, m , q in the given equation
on transposing ,
