Nomenclature and common formula. When part of a salt, the formula of the acetate ion is written as CH3CO2−, C2H3O2−, or CH3COO−. Chemists abbreviate acetate as OAc− or, less commonly, AcO−. Thus, HOAc is the abbreviation for acetic acid, NaOAc for sodium acetate, and EtOAc for ethyl acetate.
The answer is: lose electrons and form positive ions.
Most metals have strong metallic bond, because of strong electrostatic attractive force between valence electrons (metals usually have low ionization energy and lose electrons easy) and positively charged metal ions.
The ionization energy (Ei) is the minimum amount of energy required to remove the valence electron, when element lose electrons, oxidation number of element grows (oxidation process).
For example, magnesium has atomic number 12, which means it has 12 protons and 12 electrons. It lost two electrons to form magnesium cation (Mg²⁺) with stable electron configuration like closest noble gas neon (Ne) with 10 electrons.
Electron configuration of magnesium ion: ₁₂Mg²⁺ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶.
Answer:
FADH₂ → Q coenzyme → Complex III → c cytochrome → Complex IV → O₂
Explanation:
During oxidative phosphorylation, the electrons from NADH and FADH₂ are combined with O₂ and the energy released in the process is used to synthesize ATP from ADP.
The components of the electron transport chain are located in the internal part of the mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells, and in the cell membrane in bacteria. The transporters in the electron transport chain are organized into four complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. A fifth complex then couples these reactions to the ATP synthesis.
Complex II receives the electrons from the succinate, which is an intermediary in the Krebs cycle. These electrons are transferred to the FADH₂ and then to the Q coenzyme. This liposoluble molecule will transport the electrons from Complex II to Complex III. In this complex, the electrons are transferred from the <em>b</em> cytochrome to the <em>c</em> cytochrome. This <em>c </em>cytochrome, which is a peripheric membrane protein located in the external part of the inner membrane, then transports the electrons to Complex IV where finally they are transferred to the oxygen.
