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IceJOKER [234]
3 years ago
15

Hello, everyone!

Chemistry
1 answer:
marusya05 [52]3 years ago
5 0

Answer: 27.09 ppm and 0.003 %.

First, <u>for air pollutants, ppm refers to parts of steam or gas per million parts of contaminated air, which can be expressed as cm³ / m³. </u>Therefore, we must find the volume of CO that represents 35 mg of this gas at a temperature of -30 ° C and a pressure of 0.92 atm.

Note: we consider 35 mg since this is the acceptable hourly average concentration of CO per cubic meter m³ of contaminated air established in the "National Ambient Air Quality Objectives". The volume of these 35 mg of gas will change according to the atmospheric conditions in which they are.

So, according to the <em>law of ideal gases,</em>  

PV = nRT

where P, V, n and T are the pressure, volume, moles and temperature of the gas in question while R is the constant gas (0.082057 atm L / mol K)

The moles of CO will be,

n = 35 mg x \frac{1 g}{1000 mg} x \frac{1 mol}{28.01 g}

→ n = 0.00125 mol

We clear V from the equation and substitute P = 0.92 atm and

T = -30 ° C + 273.15 K = 243.15 K

V =  \frac{0.00125 mol x 0.082057 \frac{atm L}{mol K}  x 243 K}{0.92 atm}

→ V = 0.0271 L

As 1000 cm³ = 1 L then,

V = 0.0271 L x \frac{1000 cm^{3} }{1 L} = 27.09 cm³

<u>Then the acceptable concentration </u><u>c</u><u> of CO in ppm is,</u>

c = 27 cm³ / m³ = 27 ppm

<u>To express this concentration in percent by volume </u>we must consider that 1 000 000 cm³ = 1 m³ to convert 27.09 cm³ in m³ and multiply the result by 100%:

c = 27.09 \frac{cm^{3} }{m^{3} } x \frac{1 m^{3} }{1 000 000 cm^{3} } x 100%

c = 0.003 %

So, <u>the acceptable concentration of CO if the temperature is -30 °C and pressure is 0.92 atm in ppm and as a percent by volume is </u>27.09 ppm and 0.003 %.

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Aclosed system contains an equimolar mixture of n-pentane and isopentane. Suppose the system is initially all liquid at 120°C an
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The given data is as follows.

      T = 120^{o}C = (120 + 273.15)K = 393.15 K,  

As it is given that it is an equimolar mixture of n-pentane and isopentane.

So,            x_{1} = 0.5   and   x_{2} = 0.5

According to the Antoine data, vapor pressure of two components at 393.15 K is as follows.

               p^{sat}_{1} (393.15 K) = 9.2 bar

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Hence, we will calculate the partial pressure of each component as follows.

                 p_{1} = x_{1} \times p^{sat}_{1}

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                             = 4.6 bar

and,           p_{2} = x_{2} \times p^{sat}_{2}

                         = 0.5 \times 10.5 bar

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Therefore, the bubble pressure will be as follows.

                           P = p_{1} + p_{2}            

                              = 4.6 bar + 5.25 bar

                              = 9.85 bar

Now, we will calculate the vapor composition as follows.

                      y_{1} = \frac{p_{1}}{p}

                                = \frac{4.6}{9.85}

                                = 0.467

and,                y_{2} = \frac{p_{2}}{p}

                                = \frac{5.25}{9.85}

                                = 0.527  

Calculate the dew point as follows.

                     y_{1} = 0.5,      y_{2} = 0.5  

          \frac{1}{P} = \sum \frac{y_{1}}{p^{sat}_{1}}

           \frac{1}{P} = \frac{0.5}{9.2} + \frac{0.5}{10.2}

             \frac{1}{P} = 0.101966 bar^{-1}              

                             P = 9.807

Composition of the liquid phase is x_{i} and its formula is as follows.

                   x_{i} = \frac{y_{i} \times P}{p^{sat}_{1}}

                               = \frac{0.5 \times 9.807}{9.2}

                               = 0.5329

                    x_{z} = \frac{y_{i} \times P}{p^{sat}_{1}}

                               = \frac{0.5 \times 9.807}{10.5}

                               = 0.467

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c. Answer is in the explanation

d. Answer is in the explanation

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b. Using Gay-Lussac's law:

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P₁: 0,70 atm; T₂: 425K; P₂: ??; T₁: 299K

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c. Using kinetic molecular theory, the increasing of temperature increases the kinetic energy of gas particles and if kinetic energy increases, the pressure increases. That means the increasing of temperature increases the pressure in the system.

d. Now, the increases in kinetic energy of gases increase the collisions betwen particles. As these intermolecular forces that are not taken into account in ideal gas law, the observed pressure will be different to the pressure predicted by ideal gas law.

I hope it helps!

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