We have to solve the equation for "years" (You can find the formula here: http://www.1728.org/halflif2.htm or you can just read the next line
time = natural log (bgng amt / endg amt) / k time = natural log (100 / 5) / .00043 time = natural log (20) / .00043 time = 2.9957322736 / .00043 time =
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6,967</span></span></span><span> years </span> We should double-check this. First, we need the half-life k = ln(.5) / half-life half-life = <span>-.693147 / -.00043 half-life = 1,612 years Now let's see how many half-lives that is: </span><span>6,967 / 1,612 years = 4.2 half-lives So basically, after 4 half-lives the mass should go from
b. Use the shell method. Revolving about the -axis generates shells with height when , and when . With radius , each shell of thickness contributes a volume of , so that as the number of shells gets larger and their thickness gets smaller, the total sum of their volumes converges to the definite integral
c. Use the washer method. Revolving about the -axis generates washers with outer radius , and inner radius if or if . With thickness , each washer has volume . As more and thinner washers get involved, the total volume converges to
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d. The side length of each square cross section is when , and when . With thickness , each cross section contributes a volume of . More and thinner sections lead to a total volume of