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Svet_ta [14]
3 years ago
10

An 80.0-gram sample of water at 10.0°C absorbs 1680 Joules of heat energy. What is the final temperature of the water? a 50.0°C

b 15.0°C c 5.00°C d 4.00°C
Chemistry
1 answer:
ICE Princess25 [194]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

b)15.0°C

Explanation:

Specific Heat of Water=4.2 J/g°C

This means, that 1 g of Water will take 4.2 J of energy to increase its temperature by 1°C.

∴80 g Water will take 80×4.2 J of energy to increase its temperature by 1°C.

80×4.2 J=336 J

Total Energy Provided=1680 J

The temperature increase=\frac{\textrm{Total energy required}}{\textrm{energy required to increase temperature by one degree}}

Temperature increase=\frac{1680}{336}

=5°C

Initial Temperature =10°C

Final Temperature=Initial + Increase in Temperature

=10+5=15°C

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Answer:

a) 40,75 atm

b) 30,11 atm

Explanation:

The Ideal Gas Equation is an equation that describes the behavior of the ideal gases:

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where:

  • P = pressure [atm]
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  • n = number of mole of gas [n]
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<em>Note: We can express this values with other units, but we must ensure that the units used are the same as those used in the gas constant.</em>

The truncated virial equation of state, is an equation used to model the behavior of real gases. In this, unlike the ideal gas equation, other parameters of the gases are considered as the <u>intermolecular forces</u> and the <u>space occupied</u> by the gas

\frac{Pv}{RT} = 1 + \frac{B}{v}

where:

  • v is the molar volume [L/mol]
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  • P the pressure [atm]
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a) Ideal gas equation:

We convert our data to the adecuate units:

n = 5 moles

V = 3 dm3 = 3 L

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We clear pressure of the idea gas equation and replace the data:

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b) Truncated virial equation:

We convert our data to the adecuate units:

n = 5 moles

V = 3 dm3 = 3 L

T = 25°C = 298°K

B = -156,7*10^-6 m3/mol = -156,7*10^-3 L/mol

We clear pressure of the idea gas equation and replace the data:

\frac{Pv}{RT} = 1 + \frac{B}{v} ...... P = (1 + \frac{B}{v}) \frac{RT}{v}

and v = 3 L/5 moles = 0,6 L/mol

P = (1 + \frac{-156,7*10^{-3} }{0,6} ) \frac{0,08205*298}{0,6} = 30,11 atm

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Taking into account the definition of calorimetry, sensible heat and latent heat,  the amount of heat required is 37.88 kJ.

<h3>Calorimetry</h3>

Calorimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amounts of heat exchanged by a body or a system.

<h3>Sensible heat</h3>

Sensible heat is defined as the amount of heat that a body absorbs or releases without any changes in its physical state (phase change).

<h3>Latent heat</h3>

Latent heat is defined as the energy required by a quantity of substance to change state.

When this change consists of changing from a solid to a liquid phase, it is called heat of fusion and when the change occurs from a liquid to a gaseous state, it is called heat of vaporization.

  • <u><em>25.60 °C to 0 °C</em></u>

First of all, you should know that the freezing point of water is 0°C. That is, at 0°C, water freezes and turns into ice.

So, you must lower the temperature from 25.60°C (in liquid state) to 0°C, in order to supply heat without changing state (sensible heat).

The amount of heat a body receives or transmits is determined by:

Q = c× m× ΔT

where Q is the heat exchanged by a body of mass m, made up of a specific heat substance c and where ΔT is the temperature variation.

In this case, you know:

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  • m= 185.5 g
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Replacing:

Q1= 4.184 \frac{J}{gC}× 185.5 g× (- 25.6 °C)

Solving:

<u><em>Q1= -19,868.98 J</em></u>

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The heat Q that is necessary to provide for a mass m of a certain substance to change phase is equal to

Q = m×L

where L is called the latent heat of the substance and depends on the type of phase change.

In this case, you know:

n= 185.5 grams× \frac{1mol}{18 grams}= 10.30 moles, where 18 \frac{g}{mol} is the molar mass of water, that is, the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole.

ΔHfus= 6.01 \frac{kJ}{mol}

Replacing:

Q2= 10.30 moles×6.01 \frac{kJ}{mol}

Solving:

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Similar to sensible heat previously calculated, you know:

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Replacing:

Q3= 2.092 \frac{J}{gC} × 185.5 g× (-10.70) °C

Solving:

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The total heat required is calculated as:  

Total heat required= Q1 + Q2 +Q3

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