Answer:
51 J
Explanation:
The air inside a bicycle tire pump has 27 joules of heat conducted away. By convention, when heat is released, it takes the negative sign, so Q = -27 J.
77.9 joules of work done are being done on the air inside a bicycle tire pump. By convention, when work is being done on the system, it takes the positive sign, so W = 77.9 J
We can calculate the change in the internal energy (ΔU) using the following expression.
ΔU = Q + W
ΔU = (-27 J) + 77.9 J
ΔU = 51 J
A baseline for experimental investigation is provided by an hypothesis. This is a must before conducting experiments. Also, it is the hypothesis that is being proved by doing the experiments. So, hypothesis is very important in research studies. Hope this answers the question.
Answer : The equilibrium will shift in the left direction.
Explanation :
Le-Chatelier's principle : This principle states that if any change in the variables of the reaction, the equilibrium will shift in the direction to minimize the effect.
The given reaction is:
As per question, when we are adding 
then the concentration of is increased on product side then the equilibrium will shift in the direction where decrease of concentration of takes place. Therefore, the equilibrium will shift in the left direction.
Thus, the equilibrium will shift in the left direction.
I would think the last one about the ozone layer
