The loss or gain of electrons
Explanation:
The loss or gain of electrons determines if an atom will become a cation or anion.
A cation is a positively charge ion
An anion is a negatively charged ion.
In an atom, we have sub-atomic particles:
Protons are the positively charged particles
Electrons are negatively charged
Neutrons carry no charges
Only electrons can be lost or gained in chemical processes that forms cations and anions.
When a neutral atom gains electron, it has more electrons than protons. This makes it negatively charged and we call it an anion.
When a neutral atom loses an electron, the number of protons is more. We call it a cation.
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Answer: B.
The rate of the nuclear reaction increases, but the rate of the chemical reaction remains the same
Explanation:
Answer : The fraction of carbonic acid present in the blood is 5.95%
Explanation :
The mixture consists of carbonic acid ( H₂CO₃) and bicarbonate ion ( HCO₃⁻). This represents a mixture of weak acid and its conjugate which is a buffer.
The pH of a buffer is calculated using Henderson equation which is given below.
![pH = pKa + log \frac{[Base]}{[Acid]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=pH%20%3D%20pKa%20%2B%20log%20%5Cfrac%7B%5BBase%5D%7D%7B%5BAcid%5D%7D)
We have been given,
pH = 7.5
pKa of carbonic acid = 6.3
Let us plug in the values in Henderson equation to find the ratio Base/Acid.
![7.5 = 6.3 + log \frac{[base]}{[acid]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=7.5%20%3D%206.3%20%2B%20log%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Bbase%5D%7D%7B%5Bacid%5D%7D)
![1.2 = log \frac{[base]}{[acid]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=1.2%20%3D%20log%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Bbase%5D%7D%7B%5Bacid%5D%7D)
![\frac{[Base]}{[Acid]} = 10^{1.2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B%5BBase%5D%7D%7B%5BAcid%5D%7D%20%3D%2010%5E%7B1.2%7D)
![\frac{[Base]}{[Acid]} = 15.8](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B%5BBase%5D%7D%7B%5BAcid%5D%7D%20%3D%2015.8)
![[Base] = 15.8 \times [Acid]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BBase%5D%20%3D%2015.8%20%5Ctimes%20%5BAcid%5D)
The total of mole fraction of acid and base is 1. Therefore we have,
![[Acid] + [Base] = 1](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BAcid%5D%20%2B%20%5BBase%5D%20%3D%201)
But Base = 15.8 x [Acid]. Let us plug in this value in above equation.
![[Acid] + 15.8 \times [Acid] = 1](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BAcid%5D%20%2B%2015.8%20%5Ctimes%20%5BAcid%5D%20%3D%201)
![16.8 [Acid] = 1](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=16.8%20%5BAcid%5D%20%3D%201)
![[Acid] = \frac{1}{16.8}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BAcid%5D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B16.8%7D)
![[Acid] = 0.0595](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BAcid%5D%20%3D%200.0595)
[Acid] = 0.0595 x 100 = 5.95 %
The fraction of carbonic acid present in the blood is 5.95%
Answer:
Gravitational potential energy may be converted to other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy. If we release the mass, gravitational force will do an amount of work equal to mgh on it, thereby increasing its kinetic energy by that same amount (by the work-energy theorem).
Explanation:
