I'd say the answer to this on is d.Facts as they are using the temperatures in the graph and the temperatures are not just estimates
The speed of a proton after it accelerates from rest through a potential difference of 350 V is
.
Initial velocity of the proton 
Given potential difference 
let's assume that the speed of the proton is
,
Since the proton is accelerating through a potential difference, proton's potential energy will change with time. The potential energy of a particle of charge
when accelerated with a potential difference
is,

Due to Work-Energy Theorem and Conservation of Energy - <em>If there is no non-conservative force acting on a particle then loss in Potential energy P.E must be equal to gain in Kinetic Energy K.E</em> i.e

If the initial and final velocity of the proton is
and
respectively then,
change in Kinetic Energy 
change in Potential Energy 
from conservation of energy,

so, 

To read more about the conservation of energy, please go to brainly.com/question/14668053
A billiard ball. unless hit, the balls stay at rest. however when hit into another, the balls do not stop unless acted upon by another force.
The area of the Earth (Ae) that is irradiated by is given by:
Ae = 4πRe^2, where Re = Distance from Sun to Earth
Substituting;
Ae = 4π*(1.5*10^8*1000)^2 = 2.827*10^23 m^2
On the Earth, insolation (We) = Psun/Ae
Therefore,
Psun (Rate at which sun emits energy) = We*Ae = 1.4*2.827*10^23 = 3.958*10^23 kW = 3.958*10^26 W