Answer:
The strength of the gravitational force between two objects depends on two factors, mass and distance. the force of gravity the masses exert on each other. ... increases, the force of gravity decreases. If the distance is doubled, the force of gravity is one-fourth as strong as before.
Explanation:
If a metal rod of length L moves with velocity v is moving perpendicular to its length, in a magnetic field B, the induced emf is given by :

The electric field in the conductor is given by :

It is clear that the electric field is independent of the length of the rod. If the length of the rod is doubled, the electric field in the rod remains the same.
Answer:
The velocity of the freight car decreases.
Explanation:
This question is answered by the conservation of momentum principle.
When the freight car is moving at a certain speed, it has a constant momentum.
We will call this M1.
The equation for M1 will be:
M1 = Mass * Speed
Now when the coal is dumped into the freight car, the Mass increases.
Since conservation of momentum states that the momentum will remain the same. We have:
M1 = (Mass of freight + Mass of coal) * Speed
Since M1 is constant, if the mass increases, the speed had to decrease to keep the equation true.
There are missing data in the text of the problem (found them on internet):
- speed of the car at the top of the hill:

- radius of the hill:

Solution:
(a) The car is moving by circular motion. There are two forces acting on the car: the weight of the car

(downwards) and the normal force N exerted by the road (upwards). The resultant of these two forces is equal to the centripetal force,

, so we can write:

(1)
By rearranging the equation and substituting the numbers, we find N:

(b) The problem is exactly identical to step (a), but this time we have to use the mass of the driver instead of the mass of the car. Therefore, we find:

(c) To find the car speed at which the normal force is zero, we can just require N=0 in eq.(1). and the equation becomes:

from which we find
Positive positive side naturally because protons always move to positive side and electron always move to negative side