Answer: (A) sacroiliac joints
Explanation:
Reactive arthritis can be define as a condition which is associated with the inflammation of joints specifically the sacroiliac joints and joints of the lower body. This occurs due to the infection in an area other than the joints. The joint inflammation is characterized by swelling, warmness in and around the joints, redness and pain. Additional symptoms include inflammation of the urinary tract, inflammation of the lines of the eyelids and eye membrane, fever, pain in lower back and heel, and weight loss.
This is caused by the bacterial infection belonging to the genus of Campylobacter, Shigella, Salmonella, Chlamydia and Yersinia.
A nurse performing surgery without a surgeon present. Nurse aren't allowed to do surgery.
All the other things on the list are actually what they're supposed to do.
Hope this helps! ;)
Answer:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating and an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by immune-mediated myelin and axonal damage, and chronic axonal loss attributable to the absence of myelin sheaths. T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, CD8+, NKT, CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells) and B cells are involved in this disorder, thus new MS therapies seek damage prevention by resetting multiple components of the immune system. The currently approved therapies are immunoregulatory and reduce the number and rate of lesion formation but are only partially effective. This review summarizes current understanding of the processes at issue: myelination, demyelination and remyelination—with emphasis upon myelin composition/architecture and oligodendrocyte maturation and differentiation. The translational options target oligodendrocyte protection and myelin repair in animal models and assess their relevance in human. Remyelination may be enhanced by signals that promote myelin formation and repair. The crucial question of why remyelination fails is approached is several ways by examining the role in remyelination of available MS medications and avenues being actively pursued to promote remyelination including: (i) cytokine-based immune-intervention (targeting calpain inhibition), (ii) antigen-based immunomodulation (targeting glycolipid-reactive iNKT cells and sphingoid mediated inflammation) and (iii) recombinant monoclonal antibodies-induced remyelination.Keywords: calpain, central nervous system, demyelination, fingolimod, glycolipids, lipids, multiple sclerosis, myelin, myelination, NKT cells, oligodendrocytes, remyelination, T cells
Explanation:
