B. A film of food wrap. The cell membrane is the outermost layer that is protecting the cell
The apparent velocity is B) 48 m/s north
Explanation:
Here we have a problem of relativity of velocities.
In fact, the train is travelling north at a speed of

where this velocity is measured with respect to the ground.
At the same time, a passenger on the train is walking towards the rear (so, south) at a velocity of

where this velocity is measured with respect to the train, which is in motion in the opposite direction.
Therefore, the apparent velocity of the passenger with respect to an observer standing on the ground is:

And the direction is north, since this number is positive.
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The only thing in either one of those formulas that we don't know is the mass of the book.
Answer:
1. They should not trust this study. 2. Pseudoscience.
Explanation:
Because they drank the water and after 24 hours, they said that it was gone. Head aches go away sooner than that. Another reason is that some people could have lied about having a headache just so they could have the water or their headache could have gone away before they drank the water.
The distance quantity/ measurement must be squared.