Chemical reaction (dissociation) 1: C₂O₄H₂(aq) ⇄ C₂O₄H⁻(aq) + H⁺(aq).
Chemical reaction (dissociation) 2: C₂O₄H⁻(aq) ⇄ C₂O₄²⁻(aq) + H⁺(aq).
c(C₂O₄H⁻) = c(H⁺) = x.
c(C₂O₄H₂) = 0.0269 M.
pKa₁ = 1.23.
Ka₁ = 10∧(-1.23) = 0.059.
Ka₁ = c(C₂O₄H⁻) · c(H⁺) / c(C₂O₄H₂).
0.059 = x² / (0.0269 M - x).
Solve quadratic eqaution: x = c(H⁺) = 0.02 M.
pH = -log(0.02 M) = 1.7.
The OH peaks in the IR spectra of benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid should be compared and contrasted.
<h3>What is the IR spectra of Benzoic acid?</h3>
- The right-hand portion of the infrared spectrum of benzoic acid, between wavenumbers 1500 and 400 cm-1, is referred to as the fingerprint region.
- It results from a special combination of intricately overlapping vibrations of the atoms within the benzoic acid molecule.
<h3>What is the IR spectra of Benzyl alcohol?</h3>
- A C-Cl bond is frequently shown by a peak at 700.
- There are a few more peaks at 1500 that are directed at a C=C bond.
<h3>What is IR spectra?</h3>
The percent transmittance (or absorbance) of the radiation through the molecule against the radiation's wave number forms the IR spectrum.
Learn more about IR spectra here:
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1)
<span>m(NaCl) = 1.95 g
V(H2O) = 250mL
M(NaCl) = </span><span>58.5 g/mole
Since waters density value is 1g/mL, it can be assumed that volume and mass of water are same values:
</span>V(H2O) = 250ml = 250g = 0.25 kg<span>
</span><span>molality of NaCl:
</span><span>
n(NaCl)=m/M=1.95/58.5= 0.033 mole
</span>molality b(NaCl)=n(NaCl) / V (H2O)= 0.033/0.25 = 0.132 mol/kg
<span>
milimolality of NaOH = 0.132/0,001 = 132 mmole/kg
</span>
milliosmolality of NaOH = milimolality x N of ions formed in dissociation
Since NaCl dissociates into 2 ions in solution:
<span>
</span>milliosmolality of NaOH = 132 x 2 = 264 osmol<span>es/kg
</span>
2)
m(gl) = 9 g
V(H2O) = 250mL
M(NaCl) = 180 g/mole
Since waters density value is 1g/mL, it can be assumed that volume and mass of water are same values:
V(H2O) = 250ml = 250g = 0.25 kg
molality of glucose:
n(gl)=m/M=9/180= 0.05 mole
molality b(gl)=n(gl) / V (H2O)= 0.05/0.25 = 0.2 mol/kg
milimolality of glucose = 0.132/0,001 = 200 mmole/kg
milliosmolality of glucose = milimolality x N of ions formed in dissociation
Since glucose does not dissociate, milimolality and milliosmolality are same:
milliosmolality of glucose = 200 osmoles/kg
3)
The osmosis represents the diffusion of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane that allows passage solvent molecules but does not to the dissolved substance molecule. The osmosis occurs when the concentrations of the solution on both sides of the membrane are different. Since the semi-permeable membrane only permeates the solvent molecules, but not the particles of the dissolved substance, it occurs the solvent diffusion through the membrane, i.e. the solvent molecules pass through the membrane to equalize the concentration on both sides of the membrane. Solvents molecules move from the middle with a lower concentration in the middle with a higher concentration of dissolved substances.
In our case, osmosis will occur because the concentration of NaCl solution and the concentration of glucose solution do not have same values. Osmosis will occur in the direction of glucose solution because it has a lower concentration.
When you litter,
the trash can go into the ocean, and a fish could think of it as food, eat it, suffocate and die,
Same thing for land (but no ocean)
Shred red cabbage ~ (3/4 of a very small head)
Put the cabbage pieces in a small container ~ ( you can use a Pyrex-4-cup measure, a bowl or even a plastic zipper bag)
Cover the cabbage with very hot water. Let it sleep until the water has cooled. (somewhere between lukewarm and room-temperature)
The purple liquid you've made is your indicator.
Pour it into a container and compost the cabbage.
Now look for substances that may be acids or bases.
Liquids are good, like fruits.
You can also use solids around for baking are good too. (such as baking soda, salt, sugar, cream of tartar...)
Get containers for mixing (such as tea cups, because they are small, shallow and white inside)
Pour the indicator into the tea cups and add an acid or base.
Lemon juice, rice wine vinegar, and apple cider vinegar, turn the cabbage-water indicator into a pink.
Orange juice or fresh oranges (same thing) turn the cabbage-water indicator into an orangish-pinkish color.
Baking soda turns the cabbage-water indicator blue.
Milk (non-fat) turns the cabbage-water indicator turn opaque and milky, yet purple.
An egg white (which won't get into the solution immediately until after a lot of stirring) turns the cabbage-water indicator blue.
Hint:
Bases mostly turn the indicator towards blue-ish colors such as purple, light blue, dark blue, opaque blue...
Acids mostly turn the indicator towards pink-ish colours such as orange-ish pink, floral pink...
(You'll have to keep on testing the cabbage-water indicator in after a day or two to see if the indicator quality persists or degrades.