Carbons starting from the left end:
- sp²
- sp²
- sp²
- sp
- sp
Refer to the sketch attached.
<h3>Explanation</h3>
The hybridization of a carbon atom depends on the number of electron domains that it has.
Each chemical bond counts as one single electron domain. This is the case for all chemical bonds: single, double, or triple. Each lone pair also counts as one electron domain. However, lone pairs are seldom seen on carbon atoms.
Each carbon atom has four valence electrons. It can form up to four chemical bonds. As a result, a carbon atom can have up to four electron domains. It has a minimum of two electron domains, with either two double bonds or one single bond and one triple bond.
- A carbon atom with four electron domains is sp³ hybridized;
- A carbon atom with three electron domains is sp² hybridized;
- A carbon atom with two electron domains is sp hybridized.
Starting from the left end (H₂C=CH-) of the molecule:
- The first carbon has three electron domains: two C-H single bonds and one C=C double bond; It is sp² hybridized.
- The second carbon has three electron domains: one C-H single bond, one C-C single bond, and one C=C double bond; it is sp² hybridized.
- The third carbon has three electron domains: two C-C single bonds and one C=O double bond; it is sp² hybridized.
- The fourth carbon has two electron domains: one C-C single bond and one C≡C triple bond; it is sp hybridized.
- The fifth carbon has two electron domains: one C-H single bond and one C≡C triple bond; it is sp hybridized.
Density = mass/volume
so rearranged mass = volume x density
mass = 8.920 x 45 = 401.4g
rearrange (there are 1000grams in 1kg)
volume = mass/density
volume = 1000/8.920
volume = 112.1076233cm3
The answer is (2) equal to. In redox reactions, you can't just lose electrons somewhere. If an electrons is lost by one, it must be gained by another. Hence, the importance of balancing redox reactions.
Explanation:
Significant figure is the measure of how accurately something can be measured. It carries meaning contributing to its measurement resolution. It is important to use proper number of significant figures to get a precise measurement. For example, if we use a meter stick then measurements like 0.874 meters, or 0.900 meters, are good because they indicate that we can measure to the nearest millimeter. Whereas a measurement like 0.8 does not tell that a meter stick can measure to the nearest millimeter.