1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Troyanec [42]
3 years ago
8

When determining risk, it is necessary to estimate all routes of exposure in order to determine a total dose (or CDI). Recognizi

ng this, estimate the total chronic daily intake of toluene from exposure to a city water supply that contains toluene at a concentration equal to the drinking water standard of 1 mg/L over a period of 10 years. Assume the exposed individual is an adult female that is exposed to the chemical via drinking water and inhaling gaseous toluene released while she showers. Use the given parameters to calculate the CDI for water consumption. For inhalation, assume the woman takes a 15-minute shower every day. Assume the average air concentration of toluene during the shower is 1 μg/m3 and that she breathes at the adult rate of 20 m3/day.
Engineering
1 answer:
Allushta [10]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

The following are the solution to this question:

Explanation:

The Formula for calculating CDI:

\bold{CDI = \frac{C \times CR \times EF \times ED}{BW \times AT}}

_{where} \\ CDI = \text{Chronic daily Intake rate}  (\frac{mg}{kg-day})} \\\\\text{C = concentration of Toluene}\\\\\text{CR = contact rate} \frac{L}{day}\\\\\text{EF = Exposure frequency} \frac{days}{year}\\\\\text{ED = Exposure duration (in years)} = 10 \ \ years\\\\\text{BW = Body weight (kg) = 70 kg for adult}\\\\ \text{AT = average period of exposure (days) }

calculating the value of AT:

=  365 \frac{days}{year}  \times  70 \ year  \\\\ = 25550 \ days

 calculating the value of Intake based drinking:

C = 1 \ \frac{mg}{L}

CR = 2 \frac{L}{day} Considering that adult females eat 2 L of water a day,

EF = 350 \frac{days}{year} for drink

calculating the CDI value:

\to CDI = \frac{(1 \times 2 \times 350 \times 10)}{(70 \times  25550)}\\\\

             = \frac{(2 \times 3500)}{(70 \times  25550)}\\\\ = \frac{(7000)}{(70 \times  25550)}\\\\ = \frac{(100)}{(25550)}\\\\=0.00391 \frac{mg}{ kg-day}

Centered on inhalation, intake:

C = \frac{1 \mu g} { m^3} \ \ \  or \ \ \ \ 0.001  \ \ \frac{mg}{m^3}\\\\CR = 20  \frac{m^3}{day}\\\\EF = 15 \frac{min}{day}  \ \ or\ \  5475 \frac{min}{yr} \ \ \  or \ \  3.80 \frac{days}{year}\\

calculating the value of CDI:

\to CDI = \frac{(0.001 \times 20 \times 3.80 \times 10)}{(70 \times 25550)}

             = \frac{(0.76)}{(1788500)}\\\\= 4.24 \times 10^{-7} \ \ \frac{mg}{kg-day}

You might be interested in
What does STP and NTP stands for in temperature measurement?
Lisa [10]

STP stands for standard temperature pressure and NTP stands for normal temperature pressure

8 0
3 years ago
All brake lights are dimmer than normal. Technician A says that bad bulbs could be the cause. Technician B says that high resist
yarga [219]

Answer:

All Brake lights are dimmer than normal because high resistance in the brake switch could be the cause according to Technician B.

Explanation:

According to Technician A

When the bulb is faulty then no current will flow through bulb and it will be open circuit.So no light will produce in bulb .

According to Technician B

When a high resistance inserted in series  circuit the voltage across each resistance is reduced and this cause the light glow dimly.

Formula of resistance in series circuit

Rt=r1+r2+r3......

5 0
3 years ago
Which of the following is not a relationship set between elements in a sketch​
Svet_ta [14]

Answer:

The entity relationship (ER) data model has existed for over 35 years. It is well suited to data modelling for use with databases because it is fairly abstract and is easy to discuss and explain. ER models are readily translated to relations. ER models, also called an ER schema, are represented by ER diagrams.

6 0
2 years ago
Which of the following best describes the role of engineers
Fantom [35]

Problem Solvers

Explanation:

Engineers find problems in the world, and then they find solutions for them.

8 0
3 years ago
Which is a reason that teen might choose to focus on a friendship and not a romantic relationship
andrey2020 [161]

Answer: b. To avoid having distractions

Trust me it’s definitely option b

4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Other questions:
  • 6.Identification of Material ParametersThe principal in-plane stresses and associated strains in a plate of material areσ1= 50 k
    5·1 answer
  • (10 points) A single crystal in the titanium cable is oriented so that the [001] direction is parallel to the applied load. If t
    14·1 answer
  • Determine the resultant normal force across the cross section at point B. Express your answer to three significant figures and i
    6·1 answer
  • Air is to be heated steadily by an 8-kW electric resistance heater as it flows through an insulated duct. If the air enters at 5
    10·1 answer
  • Two piezometers have been placed along the direction of flow in a confined aquifer that is 30.0 m thick. The piezometers are 280
    6·1 answer
  • For a steel alloy it has been determined that a carburizing heat treatment of 14 h duration at 809°C will raise the carbon conce
    13·1 answer
  • For the system form of the basic laws, the momentum of a system can change as a result of: a. pressure acting on the system. b.
    14·2 answers
  • In multi-grade oil what is W means?
    11·1 answer
  • Technician A says power steering pumps can be engine driven. Technician B says power steering
    9·1 answer
  • 2) What kinds of food can you eat in space?
    14·2 answers
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!