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svp [43]
3 years ago
13

Arrange the following compounds in the order of increasing reactivity toward nucleophilic acyl substitution, with least reactive

at the top and most reactive at the bottom. (Hint: for carboxylates, think of acid-base chemistry to infer the reactivity).
A. Ethyl thioacetate
B. Acetyl chloride
C. Sodium acetate
D. Ethyl acetate
E. Acetamide
F. Acetic anhydride
Chemistry
1 answer:
lutik1710 [3]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

The correct order of increasing reactivity toward nucleophilic acyl substitution is E < D < C < A < F < B.

Explanation:

The stability of the leaving group best determines the manner of reactivity of carboxylates to nucleophilic substitution after the substitution of the nucleophile to the leaving group. The leaving group should, therefore, be protonated with hydrogen ion in the solution to form a stable molecule. From the given list: The leaving group for A, Ethyl thioacetate will be ethanethiol. For B, Acetyl chloride will be Hydrochloric acid. For C, Sodium acetate will be Sodium Hydroxide. For D, Ethyl acetate will be Ethanol. For E, Acetamide will be Ammonia, and for F, Acetic anhydride will be Ethanoic acid. The reactivity of the substitution reaction is dependent on the stability of these leaving groups. The stability of these leaving groups depends on their pKa, and the more the pKa, the lesser the acidity of the leaving group, and the lower the reactivity. Therefore, considering their pKa: A is 8.5, B is -7, C is 13.8, D is 15.9, E is 36, and F is 4.8. When we rearrange this pKa in descending order, we have E, D. C, A, F, B. Which is also the increased reactivity of the nucleophilic acyl substitution.

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Answer:

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6 0
2 years ago
Refer to the two formulas for xylose.
Ludmilka [50]

Answer:

A is the molecular formula for xylose because shows the actual number of atoms in the compound: Formula B is the empirical formula for xylose because it shows the smallest whole-number ratio for the different atoms in the compound: Formula A is the molecular formula for xylose because shows the arrangement of atoms in the compound: Formula B is the structurab formula for xylose because it shows the smallest whole-number ratio for the different atoms in the compound: Formula A is the empirical formula for xylose because it shows the actual number of atoms in the compound: Formula B is the molecular formula for xylose because it shows the smallest whole-number ratio for the different atoms in the compound: Formula A is the structural formula for xylose because it shows the arrangement of atoms in the compound: Formula B is the empirical formula for xylose because it shows the smallest whole-number ratio for the different atoms in the compound.

5 0
2 years ago
Write a complete set of quantum numbers for the fifth electron added to a hydrogen ion (i.e., the fifth electron in any electron
ankoles [38]
N=
l=
m(l)=
m(s)=

start with H^+ (no electrons) , then adding 5 electrons will be  1s2 2s2 2p1
so for the 5th electron 
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ml = -1
ms = 1/2

5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Which layer of the atmosphere contains a substance that was created from a product of living things and that protects living thi
aev [14]
<h2>Answer : Option B) Ozone</h2><h3>Explanation :</h3>

The layer of atmosphere which contains a substance(Ozone) that was created from a product of living thins (oxygen) and protects living things (from harmful UV rays).

Oxygen in the atmosphere reacts in presence of UV rays and forms Ozone.

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8 0
3 years ago
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Consider the following data showing the initial rate of a reaction (A→products) at several different concentrations of A.
OlgaM077 [116]

Answer:

(1) order = 2

(2) R = K [A]²

Explanation:

Given the reaction:

A--------->Product

The rate constant relation for the reaction is given as:

R(i) = K [A]............(*)

Where R(I) is rate constant at different concentration of A.

Taking the rate constant as R1, R2 and R3 for the different concentrations respectively. Then the following equations results

0.011 = K [0.15] ⁿ.........(1)

0.044 = K [0.30]ⁿ .......(2)

0.177 = K [0.60]ⁿ .........(3)

Dividing (2) by (1) and (3) by (1)

Gives:

0.044/0.011 = [0.3/0.15]ⁿ

4 = 2ⁿ; 2² = 2ⁿ; n = 2

Similarly

0.177/0.011 = [0.60/0.15]ⁿ

16.09 = 4ⁿ

16.09 = 16 (approximately)

4² = 4ⁿ ; n = 2

Hence the order of the reaction is 2.

The rate law is R = K [A]²

4 0
3 years ago
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