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3 years ago

What happens to the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter as the temperature of the sample is increased?

Chemistry

1 answer:

antiseptic1488 [7]3 years ago

7 0

Answer:

As the temperature of a sample of matter is increased, the average kinetic energy of the particles in the sample increase.

Explanation:

The temperature of a substance is the measure of the average kinetic energy of its partilces.

The temperature, i.e. how hot or cold is a substance, is the result of the collisions of the particles (atoms or molecules) of matter.

The kinetic theory of gases states that, if the temperature is the same, the average kinetic energy of any gas is the same, regardless the gas and other conditions.

This equation expresses it:

Avg KE = (3/2) (R / N) T

Where Avg KE is the average kinetic energy, R is the universal constant of gases, N is Avogadro's constnat, and T is the temperature measure in absolute scale (Kelvin).

As you see, in that equation Avg KE is propotional to T, which means that as the temperature is increased, the average kinetic energy increases.

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Van dar waals are the dominant molecular force in the sodium chloride.

Vedmedyk [2.9K]

Answer:

Recall the two conceptual steps necessary to dissolve a solute and form a solution

Key Points

There are two conceptual steps to form a solution, each corresponding to one of the two opposing forces that dictate solubility.

The first conceptual step is dissolution, which corresponds to the force of the solvent-solvent and solute-solute intermolecular attractions that needs to be broken down.

The second conceptual step is solvation, which corresponds to the force of the solute-solvent intermolecular attraction that needs to be formed in order to form a solution.

Many intermolecular forces can contribute to solvation, including hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces, Van Der Waals forces, and ion-dipole interactions.

Term

intermolecular forcesattractive and repulsive forces between molecules

The strength of the intermolecular forces between solutes and solvents determines the solubility of a given solute in a given solvent. In order to form a solution, the solute must be surrounded, or solvated, by the solvent. Solutes successfully dissolve into solvents when solute-solvent bonds are stronger than either solute-solute bonds or solvent-solvent bonds.

Qualitatively, one can determine the solubility of a solute in a solvent by using the rule “like dissolves like”. In general, solutes whose polarity matches that of the solvent will generally be soluble. For example, table salt (NaCl) dissolves easily into water (H2O) because both molecules are polar.

Intermolecular Forces and Their Importance in Solution Formation

There are two conceptual steps to form a solution, each corresponding to one of the two opposing forces that dictate solubility. If the solute is a solid or liquid, it must first be dispersed — that is, its molecular units must be pulled apart. This requires energy, and so this step always works against solution formation (always endothermic, or requires that energy be put into the system).

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7 0

3 years ago

A stainless steel knife has a volume of 1.2 cubic centimeters and a mass of 9.0 grams.

bija089 [108]

Answer:

7.5

Explanation:

density = mass / volume

9÷1.2 = 7.5

5 0

2 years ago

At which instance contain 1 molecule of substances from following?

Black_prince [1.1K]

Answer:

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6 0

2 years ago

How many moles of water are produced from 13.35 mol of oxygen?

olganol [36]

Answer:

The answer is 26.70

4 0

2 years ago

A 17.6-g sample of ammonium carbonate contains ________ mol of ammonium ions.

postnew [5]

These problems are a bit interesting. :)

First let's write the molecular formula for ammonium carbonate.

NH4CO3 (Note! The 4 and 3 are subscripts, and not coefficients)

17.6 gNH4CO3

Now to convert to mol of one of our substances we take the percent composition of that particular part of the molecule and multiply it by our starting mass. This is what it looks like using dimensional analyse.

17.6 gNH4CO3 * (Molar Mass of NH4 / Molar Mass of NH4CO3)

Grab a periodic table (or look one up) and find the molar masses for these molecules! Well. In this case I'll do it for you. (Note: I round the molar masses off to two decimal places)

NH4 = 14.01 + 4*1.01 = 18.05 g/mol
NH4CO3 = 14.01 + 4*1.01 + 12.01 + 3*16.00 = 78.06 g/mol

17.6 gNH4CO3 * (18.05 molNH4 / 78.06 molNH4CO3)
= 4.07 gNH4

Now just take the molar mass we found to convert that amount into moles!

4.07 gNH4 * (1 molNH4 / 18.05 gNH4) = 0.225 molNH4

4 0

2 years ago