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natita [175]
3 years ago
14

Which aqueous solution has the highest boiling point at standard pressure?(1) 1.0 M KC1(aq) (3) 2.0 M KCl(aq)(2) 1.0 M CaC12(aq)

(4) 2.0 M CaC12(aq)
Chemistry
1 answer:
miss Akunina [59]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

(4) 2.0 M CaCl₂(aq).

Explanation:

  • Adding solute to water elevates the boiling point.
  • The elevation in boiling point (ΔTb) can be calculated using the relation:

<em>ΔTb = i.Kb.m,</em>

where, ΔTb is the elevation in boiling point.

i is the van 't Hoff factor.

  • van 't Hoff factor is the ratio between the actual concentration of particles produced when the substance is dissolved and the concentration of a substance as calculated from its mass. For most non-electrolytes dissolved in water, the van 't Hoff factor is essentially 1.

Kb is the molal elevation constant of water.

m is the molality of the solution.

<u><em>(1) 1.0 M KCl(aq):</em></u>

i for KCl = no. of particles produced when the substance is dissolved/no. of original particle = 2/1 = 2.

suppose molarity = molality, m = 1.0 m,

∴ ΔTb for (1.0 M KCl) = i.Kb.m = (2)(Kb)(1.0 m) = 2(Kb).

<u><em>(2) 2.0 M KCl(aq):</em></u>

i for KCl = no. of particles produced when the substance is dissolved/no. of original particle = 2/1 = 2.

suppose molarity = molality, m = 2.0 m,

∴ ΔTb for (1.0 M KCl) = i.Kb.m = (2)(Kb)(2.0 m) = 4(Kb).

<u><em>(3) 1.0 M CaCl₂(aq):</em></u>

i for CaCl₂ = no. of particles produced when the substance is dissolved/no. of original particle = 3/1 = 3.

suppose molarity = molality, m = 1.0 m,

∴ ΔTb for (1.0 M KCl) = i.Kb.m = (3)(Kb)(1.0 m) = 3(Kb).

<u><em>(4) 2.0 M CaCl₂(aq):</em></u>

i for CaCl₂ = no. of particles produced when the substance is dissolved/no. of original particle = 3/1 = 3.

suppose molarity = molality, m = 2.0 m,

∴ ΔTb for (1.0 M KCl) = i.Kb.m = (3)(Kb)(2.0 m) = 6(Kb).

  • <em>So, the aqueous solution has the highest boiling point at standard pressure is: (4) 2.0 M CaCl₂(aq).</em>

<em></em>

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pH = 12.15

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As the KCl is a neutral salt, it does not have any effect on the pH, so the pH will be affected, by the strong base.

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Explanation:

Avogadro's Number or Avogadro's Constant is called the number of particles that make up a substance (usually atoms or molecules) and that can be found in the amount of one mole of said substance. Its value is 6.023 * 10²³ particles per mole. The Avogadro number applies to any substance.

So, first of all you must know the amount of moles that represent 12.47 grams of NaCl. For that it is necessary to know the molar mass.

You know:

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So the molar mass of NaCl is: 23 g/mole + 35.45 g/mole= 58.45 g/mole

Now you apply a rule of three as follows: if 58.45 grams are present in 1 mole of NaCl, 12.47 grams in how many moles will they be?

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You apply a rule of three again, knowing Avogadro's number: if in 1 mole of NaCl there are 6,023 * 10²³ particles, in 0.21 moles how many particles are there?

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<u><em>1.26*10²³ particles are present in 12.47 grams of NaCl</em></u>

<u><em></em></u>

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