The various planets are thought to have formed from the solar nebula, the disc-shaped cloud of gas and dust left over from the Sun's formation. The currently accepted method by which the planets formed is accretion, in which the planets began as dust grains in orbit around the central protostar.
Answer:
a substrate is surface or material on or from an organism lives, grows, or obtains its nourishment.
Explanation:
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pH is referred to as the scale to describe the hydronium ion concentration of a
solution. It is used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution. pH of an acidic solution is less than 7, a neutral solution is 7, and a basic solution is greater than 7.
pH can be calculated using the formula:
![pH = - log [H_{3}O^{+}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20pH%20%3D%20-%20log%20%5BH_%7B3%7DO%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%20%20%20)
Given the pH of solution is 3.2.
Finding out the concentration of hydronium ion from pH.
![pH = - log[H_{3}O^{+}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20pH%20%3D%20-%20log%5BH_%7B3%7DO%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D)
![3.2 = - log [H_{3}O^{+}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%203.2%20%3D%20-%20log%20%5BH_%7B3%7DO%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%20%20%20)
![[H_{3}O^{+}] = 10^{-3.2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20%5BH_%7B3%7DO%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%20%3D%2010%5E%7B-3.2%7D%20%20%20%20)
![[H_{3}O^{+}] = 6.3 * 10^{-4} M](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20%5BH_%7B3%7DO%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%20%3D%20%20%206.3%20%2A%2010%5E%7B-4%7D%20M%20%20)
Therefore, the hydronium ion concetration of the solution is 
Answer:
Answer refer to the above attachment .
Bcoz some words are unable to answer .