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ANEK [815]
2 years ago
11

Two reactions between a Grignard reagent and a carbonyl compound are given. Draw the main organic product for each reaction and

indicate if H + or H − is needed to complete each reaction. The starting material structures are provided in the answer fields as a starting point for your drawings.

Chemistry
1 answer:
Gnom [1K]2 years ago
7 0

Complete Question

The complete question is shown on the first uploaded image

Answer:

The solution to the question above is shown on the second uploaded image

Explanation:

This talks on the  concept of reaction of Grignard reagent with carbonyl compounds.  Carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) are extremely reactive towards the nucleophile due to their highly electrophilic nature. Carbonyl groups include a carbon which is attached to the oxygen atom which highly electronegative as compared to the carbon and hence attracts the shared pair of electrons which results in the generation of partial positive character on the carbonyl carbon.

Grignard reagents on reaction with carbonyl compounds carry out a nucleophilic addition reaction which on treatment with water gives a corresponding alcohol.

For the First reaction

The reaction of Grignard reagent with the ketone is shown on the third uploaded image :

i.e Butan-2-one reacts with methyl magnesium bromide in presence of {{\rm{H}}^{\rm{ + }}

 to form 2-methylbutan-2-ol.

For the Second reaction

The reaction of Grignard reagent with the aldehyde is shown on the fourth uploaded image :

I.e Butyraldehyde reacts with ethyl magnesium bromide in presence of {{\rm{H}}^{\rm{ + }}}

 to form hexan-3-ol.

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0.352 g sample of a diprotic acid is dissolved in water and titrated with 0.150 M NaOH.0.150 M NaOH. What is the molar mass of t
Aliun [14]
<h3>Answer:</h3>

128.94 g/mol

<h3>Explanation:</h3>

Given;

Mass of diprotic acid, H₂X =0.352 g

Molarity of NaOH = 0.150 M

Volume of the NaOH = 36.4 mL

We are required to calculate the molar mass of the acid.

Note: A diprotic acid is an acid that contains 2 replaceable hydrogen atoms

<h3>Step 1: Write the balanced equation fro the reaction;</h3>

The balanced equation for the reaction between the diprotic acid and NaOH will be;

H₂X(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na₂X(aq) + 2H₂O(l)

<h3>Step 2: Determine the number of moles of NaOH used </h3>

Given the molarity and volume of NaOH we can calculate the number of moles;

Moles of NaOH = Molarity × Volume

                          = 0.150 M × 0.0364 L

                         = 0.00546 moles

<h3>Step 3: Use the mole ratio to determine moles of the acid </h3>

From the equation;

1 mole of the acid reacts with 2 moles of NaOH

Therefore; H₂x : NaOH = 1 : 2

Moles of H₂x = 0.00546 moles ÷ 2

                      = 0.00273 moles

<h3>Step 4: Determine the molar mass of the acid.</h3>

Molar mass is the mass equivalent to 1 mole of a compound or element

From our calculations;

0.00273 moles = 0.352 g of the acid;

Therefore, mass in 1 mole ;

= 0.352 g ÷ 0.00273 moles

= 128.94 g/mol

Thus, the molar mass of the diprotic, H₂X is 128.94 g/mol

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Answer:

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Explanation:

Froth floatation method is commonly used to concentrate sulphide ore such as galena (PbS), zinc blende (ZnS) etc. (ii) In this method, the metaalic ore particles which are perferentially wetted by oil can be separated from gangue. (iii) In this method, the crushed ore is suspended in water and mixed with frothing agent such as pine oil, eucalyptus oil etc. (iv) A small quantity of sodium ethyl xanthate which act as a collector is also added. (v) A froth is generated by blowing air through this mixture. (vi) The collector molecules attach to the ore particles and make them water repellent. (vii) As a result, ore parrticles, wetted by the oil, rise to the surface along with the froth. (viii) The froth is skimmed off and dried to recover the concentration ore. (ix) The gangue particles that are preferentially wetted by water settle at the bottom.

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