Two reactions between a Grignard reagent and a carbonyl compound are given. Draw the main organic product for each reaction and
indicate if H + or H − is needed to complete each reaction. The starting material structures are provided in the answer fields as a starting point for your drawings.
1 answer:
Complete Question
The complete question is shown on the first uploaded image
Answer:
The solution to the question above is shown on the second uploaded image
Explanation:
This talks on the concept of reaction of Grignard reagent with carbonyl compounds. Carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) are extremely reactive towards the nucleophile due to their highly electrophilic nature. Carbonyl groups include a carbon which is attached to the oxygen atom which highly electronegative as compared to the carbon and hence attracts the shared pair of electrons which results in the generation of partial positive character on the carbonyl carbon.
Grignard reagents on reaction with carbonyl compounds carry out a nucleophilic addition reaction which on treatment with water gives a corresponding alcohol.
For the First reaction
The reaction of Grignard reagent with the ketone is shown on the third uploaded image :
i.e Butan-2-one reacts with methyl magnesium bromide in presence of
to form 2-methylbutan-2-ol.
For the Second reaction
The reaction of Grignard reagent with the aldehyde is shown on the fourth uploaded image :
I.e Butyraldehyde reacts with ethyl magnesium bromide in presence of
to form hexan-3-ol.
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Answer:
The correct approach is "-2.67 kJ/mole". A further solution is described below.
Explanation:
The given values are:
No. of moles,
= 5.60 mol
Substance releases,
ΔH = 14.9 kJ
Now,
The ΔH in terms of kJ/mol will be:
=
On putting the given values of ΔH, we get
=
=
Answer:
7.21 × 10⁴ J
Explanation:
Ethanol is solid below -114.5°c, liquid between -114.5°C and 78.4°C, and gaseous above 78.4°C.
<em>How much heat energy is required to convert 48.3 g of solid ethanol at -114.5°C to gaseous ethanol at 135.3 °C?</em>
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We need to calculate the heat required in different stages and then add them.
The moles of ethanol are:
Solid-liquid transition
Q₁ = ΔHfus . n = (4.60 kJ/mol) . 1.05 mol = 4.83 kJ = 4.83 × 10³ J
where,
ΔHfus: molar heat of fusion
n: moles
Liquid: from -114.5°C to 78.4°C
Q₂ = c(l) . m . ΔT = (2.45 J/g.°C) . 48.3g . [78.4°C-(-114.5°C)] = 2.28 × 10⁴ J
where,
c(l): specific heat capacity of the liquid
ΔT: change in the temperature
Liquid-gas transition
Q₃ = ΔHvap . n = (38.56 kJ/mol) . 1.05 mol = 40.5 kJ = 40.5 × 10³ J
where,
ΔHvap: molar heat of vaporization
Gas: from 78.4°C to 135.3°C
Q₄ = c(g) . m . ΔT = (1.43 J/g.°C) . 48.3g . (135.3°C-78.4°C) = 3.93 × 10³ J
where
c(g): specific heat capacity of the gas
Total heat required
Q₁ + Q₂ + Q₃ + Q₄ = 4.83 × 10³ J + 2.28 × 10⁴ J + 40.5 × 10³ J + 3.93 × 10³ J = 7.21 × 10⁴ J