They both have 1 electron in their valence shell.....
Explanation:
(a) As the given chemical reaction equation is as follows.

So, when we double the amount of hypochlorite or iodine then the rate of the reaction will also get double. And, this reaction is "first order" with respect to hypochlorite and iodine.
Hence, equation for rate law of reaction will be as follows.
Rate =
(b) Since, the rate equation is as follows.
Rate =
Let us assume that (
)
Putting the given values into the above equation as follows.

K =
=
Hence, the value of rate constant for the given reaction is
.
(c) Now, we will calculate the rate as follows.
Rate =
=
= 
Therefore, rate when
M and
M is
.
the bond in a molecule of Cl2 is a covalent bond
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts, that is why the chloroplasts is green. The function of this organelles is to create energy into sugar from the sunlight.