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Lera25 [3.4K]
2 years ago
6

What is the definition of toxicity?​

Chemistry
2 answers:
Leviafan [203]2 years ago
6 0

Answer:

The definition of toxicity is: the quality of being toxic or poisonous.

larisa [96]2 years ago
4 0

Answer:

The level of toxins in solutions

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F2 is light yellow/colorless in hydrocarbon solvent. I2 is pink. If a student combines fluorine water with NaI (sodium iodide) i
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F₂ + 2 NaI → 2 NaF + I₂
<span>It is given that F₂ is light yellow / colorless in hydrocarbon solvent. The student combines Fluorine water with NaI in water. Then student adds pentane in the mixture of F₂ and NaI. After dissolution, solution was observed and a colorless pentane layer was seen. Alkanes are unreactive in nature. The C-H bond in alkane is difficult to break. whereas, F₂ is very reactive and reacts vigorously with alkanes in presence of light by free radical mechanism.It is given that the color of the solution is nearly colorless. F₂ when present in hydrocarbon solvent is light yellow/ colorless/ nearly colorless. Hence, F₂ is not reacting with hydrocarbon and there is no reaction taking place (No F</span>₂ is present<span>)</span>
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Answers:

Question 1:

The diagram for gallium will have flat, horizontal lines at <u><em>30 and 2204</em></u><em> </em>°C.

Questoin 2:

The diagram for methane will have a <u><em>diagonal </em></u>line representing the <u><em>liquid phase</em></u> between -183°C and -162°C.

Question 3:

For gold, the boiling point corresponds to the y-value at <u><em>2856</em></u><u> </u>°C of <u><em>the top horizontal line</em></u>

Question 4.

For nitrogen, the line at -210°C will be<u><em> flat</em></u>, which represents <u><em>the change from a solid to a liquid</em></u>

Explanations:

Question 1:

The diagram for gallium will have flat, horizontal lines at <u><em>30 and 2204</em></u><em> </em>°C.

The table shows that the melting point of gallium is 30°C and its boiling point is 2204°C.

<em>Melting point</em> is the temperature at which the substace changes its state from<em> solid to liquid</em>. During that change, <em>the temperature</em> of the substance <em>does not change</em>, because the heat supplied is used to accomplish the phase change. So, the temperature is constant and that means <em>that portion of the diagram is flat</em>.

The same is valid during<em> boiling</em>: the temperature remains constant while the substance is passing<em> from liquid to gas</em> at the boiling point.

Questoin 2:

The diagram for methane will have a <u><em>diagonal </em></u>line representing the <u><em>liquid phase</em></u> between -183°C and -162°C.

Between the <em>melting</em> (-183°C) and<em> boiling</em> (-162°C) points of methane, its temperature will increase more or less linearly, which is represented with a <em>diagonal</em> (slant) <em>line</em> between those points. During this interval the heat is used to <em>increase the temperature</em> and no phase of change happens.

Question 3:

For gold, the boiling point corresponds to the y-value at <u><em>2856</em></u><u> </u>°C of <u><em>the top horizontal line</em></u>

<u><em></em></u>

The table shows that the<em> boiling point</em> of gold is 2,856°C.

In a <em>temperature-vs.-time diagram</em> the<em> temperature is represented on the vertical axis (y-value)</em> and the time is represented on the horizontal axis.

Since, the temperature of the substance does not change during <em>boiling,</em> the line during the time that this change of phase is happening is flat. And since this temperatue is higher than the melting temperature, this is the <em>top horizontal line in the diagram</em>.

Question 4.

For nitrogen, the line at -210°C will be<u><em> flat</em></u>, which represents <u><em>the change from a solid to a liquid</em></u>

<u><em></em></u>

The table shows that the <em>melting point </em>of nitrogen is -210°C, that means that the temperature will remain constant at -210°C while the substance is absorbing heat to pass from solid to liquid.

<u>In conclusion, you must remember that all the phase changes, melting (from solid to liquid), freezing (from liquid to solid), boilng (from liquid to gas), and condensing (from gas to liquid) happens at constant temperature, and so the </u><em><u>temperature - vs. - time diagrams </u></em><u>show flat lines (constant y-values) during those intervals of time.</u>

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Answer:

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2) CH3CH2COOCH3

3) CH3CH2CH2CH(CH3)COOCH3

Explanation:

In the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, an ester and water are formed. It is analogous to the inorganic neutralization reaction but this reaction is called esterification in organic chemistry. Esters contain the general formula RCOOR where the RCOO moiety was obtained from the acid and the other R moiety was obtained from the alcohol. The -COOR shows the ester linkage in the molecule. The condensed structural formulas shown in the answer reflects these facts.

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