Ca +2
At -1
In +3
Sr +2
Ra +2
Fr +1
Ba +2
As -3
If a metal is bonded to carbon, they form ionic bonds. If a nonmetal forms a bond with carbon, they form covalent bond. Ionic bond requires metals to give away electrons to form cations and nonmetal to gain/accept electron to form anions. Covalent bond requires sharing of electrons between both elements. So if you meant exchange as in covalent bond, then no. Not many nonmetal elements form bonds with carbon as there are more metal elements in the periodic table.
Answer:
ΔG° of reaction = -47.3 x 
J/mol
Explanation:
As we can see, we have been a particular reaction and Energy values as well.
ΔG° of reaction = -30.5 kJ/mol
Temperature = 37°C.
And we have to calculat the ΔG° of reaction in the biological cell which contains ATP, ADP and HPO4-2:
The first step is to calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction:
Equilibrium Constant K = ![\frac{[HPO4-2] x [ADP]}{ATP}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B%5BHPO4-2%5D%20x%20%5BADP%5D%7D%7BATP%7D)
And we have values given for these quantities in the biological cell:
[HP04-2] = 2.1 x 
M
[ATP] = 1.2 x 
M
[ADP] = 8.4 x M
Let's plug in these values in the above equation for equilibrium constant:
K = ![\frac{[2.1x10^{-3}] x [8.4x10^{-3}] }{[1.2 x 10^{-2}] }](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B%5B2.1x10%5E%7B-3%7D%5D%20x%20%5B8.4x10%5E%7B-3%7D%5D%20%7D%7B%5B1.2%20x%2010%5E%7B-2%7D%5D%20%7D)
K = 1.47 x M
Now, we have to calculate the ΔG° of reaction for the biological cell:
But first we have to convert the temperature in Kelvin scale.
Temp = 37°C
Temp = 37 + 273
Temp = 310 K
ΔG° of reaction = (-30.5 ) + (8.314)x (310K)xln(0.00147)
Where 8.314 = value of Gas Constant
ΔG° of reaction = (-30.5 x ) + (-16810.68)
ΔG° of reaction = -47.3 x J/mol
Answer:
the heat of formation of isopropyl alcohol is -317.82 kJ/mol
Explanation:
The heat of combustion of isopropyl alcohol is given as follows;
C₃H₇OH (l) +(9/2)O₂ → 3CO₂(g) + 4H₂O (g)
The heat of combustion of CO₂ and H₂O are given as follows
C (s) + O₂ (g) → CO₂(g) = −393.50 kJ
H₂ (g) + 1/2·O₂(g) → H₂O (l) = −285.83 kJ
Therefore we have
3CO₂(g) + 4H₂O (g) → C₃H₇OH (l) +(9/2)O₂ which we can write as
3C (s) + 3O₂ (g) → 3CO₂(g) = −393.50 kJ × 3 =
4H₂ (g) + 2·O₂(g) → 4H₂O (l) = −285.83 kJ × 4
3CO₂(g) + 4H₂O (g) → C₃H₇OH (l) +(9/2)O₂ = +2006 kJ/mol
-1180.5 - 1143.32 +2006 = -317.82 kJ/mol
Therefore, the heat of formation of isopropyl alcohol = -317.82 kJ/mol.
Answer:
vertebrate and invertebrates
Explanation:
All Vertebrates have a skeletal structure with a spinal backbone and well developed internal skeleton made up of bones and cartilage while Invertebrates have no backbone.
Vertebrate include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Invertebrates include worms and jellyfish, spiders and crabs.
<u>common characteristics among vertebrates and invertebrates </u>
○ multi-cellular.
○ heterotrophs (cannot make their own food) and must get their energy by consuming plants or other animals.
○ obtain food and oxygen for energy,
