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Anettt [7]
3 years ago
5

Unpolarized light of intensity i0 is incident on three polarizing filters. the axis of the first is vertical, that of the second

is 43° from vertical, and that of the third is horizontal. what light intensity emerges from the third filter?
Physics
1 answer:
Eva8 [605]3 years ago
7 0
To determine the intensity, the key idea is to work through the system filter-by-filter and applying either the one-half rule for unpolarized light or the cosine-squared rule for an already polarized light.

When the light reach the first filter, it is unpolarized, so the intensity is :
            I1 = 1/2 I0                     (One-half rule)

Because the light reaching the second filter is polarized, given 43° angle difference, the intensity is : 
            I2 = I0 cos^2 (angle difference)
                = I0 cos^2 43°
                = 0.535 I0

Lastly, when the light reached the third filter, it is polarized and has angle diference equals to the angle between the second and last filter 47°. Using the same rule, we get :
           I3 = I2 cos^2 47°
               = (0.535 I0) cos^2 47°
               = (0.535 I0) (<span>0.465)
               = 0.249 I0

So, the intensity which emerges is 0.249 I0.</span>
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Particle A of charge 2.79 10-4 C is at the origin, particle B of charge -5.64 10-4 C is at (4.00 m, 0), and particle C of charge
kirill [66]

Answer:

a) 0 b) 29.9 N c) 21.7 N d) -17.4 N e) -13.0 N f) -17.4 N  g) 16.9 N

h) 24.3 N θ = 44.2º

Explanation:

a) As the electric force is exerted along the line that joins the charges, due to any of the charges A or C has non-zero x-coordinates, the force has no x components either.

So, Fcax = 0

b) Similarly, as Fx = 0, the entire force is directed along the y-axis, and is going upward, due both charges repel each other.

Fyca = k*qa*qc / rac² = (9.10⁹ N*m²/C²*(2.79)*(1.07)*10⁻⁸ C²) / 9.00 m²

Fyca = 29. 9 N

c) In order to get the magnitude of the force exerted by B on C, we need to know first the distance between both charges:

rbc² = (3.00 m)² + (4.00m)² = 25.0 m²

⇒ Fbc = k*qb*qc / rbc² = (9.10⁹ N*m²/C²*(5.64)*(1.07)*10⁻⁸ C²) / 25.0 m²

⇒ Fbc = 21.7 N

d) In order to get the x component of Fbc, we need to get the projection of Fcb over the x axis, taking into account that the force on particle C is attractive, as follows:

Fbcₓ = Fbc * cos (-θ) where θ, is the angle that makes the line of action of the force, with the x-axis, so we can write:

cos θ = x/r = 4.00 / 5.00 m =

Fcbx = 21.7*(-0.8) = -17.4 N

e) The  y component can be calculated in the same way, projecting the force over the y-axis, as follows:

Fcby = Fcb* sin (-θ) = 21.7* (-3.00/5.00) = -13.0 N

f) The sum of both x components gives :

Fcx = 0 + (-17.4 N) = -17.4 N

g) The sum of both y components gives :

Fcy = 29.9 N + (-13.0 N) = 16.9 N

h) The magnitude of the resultant electric force acting on C, can be found just applying Pythagorean Theorem, as follows:

Fc = √(Fcx)²+(Fcy)² = (17.4)² + (16.9)²\sqrt{((17.4)^{2} +(16.9)^{2}} = 24.3 N

The angle from the horizontal can be found as follows:

Ф = arc tg (16.9 / 17.4) = 44.2º

4 0
3 years ago
A passenger on a stopped bus notices that rain is falling vertically just outside the window. When the bus moves with constant v
nekit [7.7K]

Answer:

1)0.325

2)6.17\ \rm m/s

Explanation:

<u>Given:</u>

The angle that falling raindrops make with the vertical=18^\circ

Let V_R be the velocity of the raindrops and V_B be the velocity of the bus.

1)

\dfrac{V_R}{V_B}=\tan 18^\circ\\\dfrac{V_R}{V_B}=0.315\\

2)Speed of the raindrops=0.315\times 19

=6.17\ \rm m/s

5 0
2 years ago
What is the force exerted by a solid surface that opposes gravity?
jonny [76]

Electromagnetic force between the molecules! 
6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
The earth has a net electric charge that causes a field at points near its surface equal to 150 N/C and directed in toward the c
Bezzdna [24]

Answer:

a) The magnitude of the electric charge that a 60-kg human must have to overcome weight is 3.923 coulombs and its sign is negative.

b) The force of repulsion between two people is 13.851\times 10^{6} newtons. The use of the earth's electric field a feasible means of flight is not feasible since electric force of repulsion would destroy human body before taking advantage of any possible flight skill.

Explanation:

a) From Second Newton's Law, we form this equation of equilibrium:

\Sigma F = F_{E}-W = 0 (Eq. 1)

Where:

F_{E} - Electrostatic force exerted on human, measured in Newton.

W - Weight of the human, measured in Newton.

If we consider that human can be represented as a particle and make use of definitions of electric field and weight, the previous equation is expanded and electric charge is cleared afterwards:

q\cdot E-m\cdot g = 0

q = \frac{m\cdot g}{E} (Eq. 2)

E - Electric field, measured in Newtons per Coloumb.

m - Mass, measured in kilograms.

g - Gravity acceleration, measured in meters per square second.

q - Electric charge, measured in Coulomb.

As electric field of the Earth is directed in toward the center of the planet, that is, in the same direction of gravity, electric field must be a negative value. If we know that m = 60\,kg, g = 9.807\,\frac{m}{s^{2}} and E = -150\,\frac{N}{C}, the charge that a 60-kg human must have to overcome weight is:

q = \frac{(60\,kg)\cdot \left(9.807\,\frac{m}{s^{2}} \right)}{-150\,\frac{N}{C} }

q = -3.923\,C

The magnitude of the electric charge that a 60-kg human must have to overcome weight is 3.923 coulombs and its sign is negative.

b) The electric force of repulsion between two people with the same charge calculated in part (a) is determined by Coulomb's Law, whose definition we proceed to use:

F = \kappa \cdot \frac{q^{2}}{r^{2}} (Eq. 3)

Where:

\kappa - Electrostatic constant, measured in Newton-square meter per square Coulomb.

q - Electric charge, measured in Coulomb.

r - Distance between two people, measured in meters.

If we know that \kappa = 9\times 10^{9}\,\frac{N\cdot m^{2}}{C^{2}}, q = -3.923\,C and r = 100\,m, then the force of repulsion between two people is:

F = \left(9\times 10^{9}\,\frac{N\cdot m^{2}}{C^{2}} \right)\cdot \left[\frac{(-3.923\,C)^{2}}{(100\,m)^{2}} \right]

F = 13.851\times 10^{6}\,N

The force of repulsion between two people is 13.851\times 10^{6} newtons. The use of the earth's electric field a feasible means of flight is not feasible since electric force of repulsion would destroy human body before taking advantage of any possible flight skill.

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