Answer:
If any atom has more electrons than one energy level can hold, then automatically the electron is accommodated in the next energy level (shell). The remaining extra electrons starts to fill the next energy level. This produces the valency of that particular atom.
Explanation:
A. CI, Br
Explanation:
Different kinds of atoms bind their valence electrons with various amounts of energy. In order to remove the valence electrons, enough energy must be available.
The amount of energy required for the removal of an electron is the ionization energy or ionization potential.
The ionization energy depends on:
- Nuclear charge
- Atomic radius
- Sublevel accomodating the electron to be removed.
- Special stability of half or fully filled sublevels.
Across a period, the ionization energy increases.
Down a group ionization energy decreases due to increasing atomic radii.
Cl and Br are in the same periodic group. Cl is element number 2 and Br is element 3 in the group of the halogens.
Therefore, Cl will have a higher ionization energy compared to Br.
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Ionization energy brainly.com/question/2153804
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Answer:
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is an important green house gas. A small increase in the concentration of this gas can lead to the global rise in the surface temperature. Over the last 100 years, this gas has increased significantly. One of the main cause behind this the anthropogenic activities.
After the setup of the industrial revolution, there has been a large increase in this CO₂ concentration, as there are numerous large factories and indutries that releases this harmful gases. In addition to this, the burning up of fossil fuel also is responsible for the emission of large amount of carbon into the atmosphere.
Deforestation also is another cause, because trees are no longer there in vast quantities which takes up a large number of atmospheric carbon and in return liberates plenty of oxygen.
Thus, the activities done by man over the last century has led to the increase in the concentration of CO₂ into the atmosphere.
Answer:
Wavelength,
Explanation:
We have,
Velocity of the object,
Mass of the object,
It is required to find the wavelength of the object. The relation between wavelength and velocity of the object is given by :
h is Planck's constant
So, the wavelength of the object is .
Answer: (i) F = 2
(ii) F = 3
(iii) F = 2
Explanation:
We would be applying the famous Gibbs Phase Rule to explaining this problem;
By applying the formula;
F+P = C +2
Where P = this represent the phase
F = this is called the degree of freedom
C = this represent the component in the system
Ok let us begin;
(i). from this we can see that there are 2 components i.e. (water + ethanol) and the phase in question is a vapor phase + liquid phase.
So from the formula;
F = C-P+2
F = 2 – 2 + 2 = 2
Therefore, F = 2.
(ii). Also, from the statement, we can figure there are 3 components, while the phases are two like the previous one above, i.e. liquid + vapor
F = 3 – 2 + 2 = 5 – 2 = 3
F = 3
(iii). From this statement, we can figure there are 3 components, and the phases are 3 i.e. (2 liquid phases + 1 vapor phase)
From the formula;
F = 3 – 3 + 2 = 0 + 2
F = 2