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Anarel [89]
3 years ago
8

An experimental arrangement for measuring the thermal conductivity of solid materials involves the use of two long rods that are

equivalent in every respect, except that one is fabricated from a standard material of known thermal conductivity while the other is fabricated from the material whose thermal conductivity is desired. Both rods are attached at one end to a heat source of fixed temperature , are exposed to a fluid of temperature T[infinity], and are instrumented with thermocouples to measure the temperature at a fixed distance from the heat source. If the standard material is aluminum, with 200 W/m·K, and measurements reveal values of TA= 75°C and Tb= 55°C at xi for Tb= 100°C and T[infinity]= 25°C, what is the thermal conductivity of the test material?
Engineering
1 answer:
Kamila [148]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

Explanation:

Given:

The two rods could be approximated as a fins of infinite length.

TA = 75 0C θA = (TA - T∞) = 75 - 25 = 50 0C

TB = 55 0C     θB = (TB - T∞) = 55 - 25 = 30 0C

Tb = 100 0C   θb = (Tb - T∞) = (100 - 25) = 75 0C

KA = 200 W/m · K

T∞ = 25 0C

Solution:

The temperature distribution for the infinite fins are given by

θ/θb=e⁻mx

θA/θb= e-√(hp/A.kA) x1    ....................(1)

 θB/θb = e-√(hp/A.kB) x1.......................(2)

Taking natural log on both sides we get,

Ln(θA/θb) = -√(hp/A.kA) x1 ...................(3)

Ln(θB/θb) = -√(hp/A.kB) x1 .....................(4)

Dicving (3) and (4) we get

[ Ln(θA/θb) /Ln(θB/θb)] = √(KB/KA)

 [ Ln(50/75) /Ln(30/75)] = √(KB/200)

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7 0
2 years ago
Let S = { p q |p, q are prime numbers greater than 0} and E = {0, −2, 2, −4, 4, −6, 6, · · · } be the set of even integers. . Pr
Finger [1]

Answer:

prove that | S | = | E | ; every element of S there is an Image on E , while not every element on E has an image on S

Explanation:

Given that S = { p q |p, q are prime numbers greater than 0}

                    E = {0, −2, 2, −4, 4, −6, 6, · · · }

To prove  by constructing a bijection from S to E

detailed  solution attached below

After the bijection :

<em>prove that | S | = | E |</em> :  every element of S there is an Image on E , while not every element on E has an image on S

∴ we can say sets E and S are infinite sets

7 0
2 years ago
The time factor for a doubly drained clay layer
Margarita [4]

Answer with Explanation:

Assuming that the degree of consolidation is less than 60% the relation between time factor and the degree of consolidation is

T_v=\frac{\pi }{4}(\frac{U}{100})^2

Solving for 'U' we get

\frac{\pi }{4}(\frac{U}{100})^2=0.2\\\\(\frac{U}{100})^2=\frac{4\times 0.2}{\pi }\\\\\therefore U=100\times \sqrt{\frac{4\times 0.2}{\pi }}=50.46%

Since our assumption is correct thus we conclude that degree of consolidation is 50.46%

The consolidation at different level's is obtained from the attached graph corresponding to Tv = 0.2

i)\frac{z}{H}=0.25=U=0.71 = 71% consolidation

ii)\frac{z}{H}=0.5=U=0.45 = 45% consolidation

iii)\frac{z}{H}=0.75U=0.3 = 30% consolidation

Part b)

The degree of consolidation is given by

\frac{\Delta H}{H_f}=U\\\\\frac{\Delta H}{1.0}=0.5046\\\\\therefore \Delta H=50.46cm

Thus a settlement of 50.46 centimeters has occurred

For time factor 0.7, U is given by

T_v=1.781-0.933log(100-U)\\\\0.7=1.781-0.933log(100-U)\\\\log(100-U)=\frac{1.780-.7}{0.933}=1.1586\\\\\therefore U=100-10^{1.1586}=85.59

thus consolidation of 85.59 % has occured if time factor is 0.7

The degree of consolidation is given by

\frac{\Delta H}{H_f}=U\\\\\frac{\Delta H}{1.0}=0.8559\\\\\therefore \Delta H=85.59cm

5 0
3 years ago
A lagoon is designed to accommodate an input flow of 0.10 m^3/s of nonconservative pollutant with concentration 30 mg/L and deca
dexar [7]

Answer:

Volume of the lagoon required for the decay process must be larger than 86580 m³ = 8.658 × 10⁷ L

Explanation:

The lagoon can be modelled as a Mixed flow reactor.

From the value of the decay constant (0.2/day), one can deduce that the decay reaction of the pollutant is a first order reaction.

The performance equation of a Mixed flow reactor is given from the material and component balance thus:

(V/F₀) = (C₀ - C)/((C₀)(-r)) (From the Chemical Reaction Engineering textbook, authored by Prof. Octave Levenspiel)

V = volume of the reactor (The lagoon) = ?

C₀ = Initial concentration of the reactant (the pollutant concentration) = 30 mg/L = 0.03 mg/m³

F₀ = Initial flow rate of reactant in mg/s = 0.10 m³/s × C₀ = 0.1 m³/s × 0.03 mg/m³ = 0.003 mg/s

C = concentration of reactant at any time; effluent concentration < 10mg/L, this means the maximum concentration of pollutant allowed in the effluent is 10 mg/L

For the sake of easy calculation, C = the maximum value = 10 mg/L = 0.01 mg/m³

(-r) = kC (Since we know this decay process is a first order reaction)

This makes the performance equation to be:

(kVC₀/F₀) = (C₀ - C)/C

V = F₀(C₀ - C)/(kC₀C)

k = 0.2/day = 0.2/(24 × 3600s) = 2.31 × 10⁻⁶/s

V = 0.003(0.03 - 0.01)/(2.31 × 10⁻⁶ × 0.03 × 0.01)

V = 86580 m³

Since this calculation is made for the maximum concentration of 10mg/L of pollutant in the effluent, the volume obtained is the minimum volume of reactor (lagoon) to ensure a maximum volume of 10 mg/L of pollutant is contained in the effluent.

The lower the concentration required for the pollutant in the effluent, the larger the volume of reactor (lagoon) required for this decay reaction. (Provided all the other parameters stay the same)

Hope this helps!

5 0
3 years ago
A digital filter is given by the following difference equationy[n] = x[n] − x[n − 2] −1/4y[n − 2].(a) Find the transfer function
slega [8]

Answer:

y(z) = x(z) - x(z) {z}^{ - 2}  -  \frac{1}{4} y(z) {z}^{ - 2}  \\ y(z) + \frac{1}{4} y(z) {z}^{ - 2} = x(z) - x(z) {z}^{ - 2} \\ y(z) (1 + \frac{1}{4}{z}^{ - 2}) = x(z)(1 - {z}^{ - 2}) \\  h(z) = \frac{y(z)}{x(z)}  =  \frac{(1 + \frac{1}{4}{z}^{ - 2})}{(1 - {z}^{ - 2})}

The rest is straightforward...

6 0
2 years ago
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