What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?

A cheetah can run 112km/h over a 100-m distance. what is this speed in meters per second

Naya [18.7K]

First convert the 112 km/hr ratio into m/s (meters per second). To do this you multiply 112 km with 1000 m/km (since there's 1000 m in one km). You get 112000 m. Then multiply 1 hr with 60 min/hr (since there's 60 min in one hr. You get 60 min, but you want seconds, so multiply 60 min with 60 s/min to get 3600 s. There you go! Your answer is the speed of 112000m/3600s, but you can simplify that to 31.11m/s (since the answer should be in ? meters per 1 second.

Also, the "100-m-distance" part of the question is just to throw you off, because one particular speed obviously stays constant over any distance. Hope that helps :)

7 0

3 years ago

Think about your morning from when you wake up until you arrive at school. Describe the forms of energy you encounter or use dur

denis-greek [22]

Answer:

When sleeping the energy exhibited is Potential energy. When I wake up and I’m preparing for the day I use kinetic energy which is the energy exhibited during motion.

Eating before leaving the house means I used chemical energy for replenishment of nutrients to aid the performance of more activities for the day. The food eaten and the physical activities also give rise to thermal energy which is why we sweat.

3 0

2 years ago

Why are ions charged particles?

Deffense [45]

Answer:

An ion is a charged atom or molecule. It is charged because the number of electrons do not equal the number of protons in the atom or molecule. An atom can acquire a positive charge or a negative charge depending on whether the number of electrons in an atom is greater or less then the number of protons in the atom.

Explanation:

hope it's right

8 0

2 years ago

Why do you require an acid catalyst to make an ester? Why not just mix acid and alcohol? Describe an alternate method of making

djverab [1.8K]

Answer:Acid catalyst is needed to increase the electrophilicity of Carbonyl group of Carboxylic acid as alcohol is a weak nucleophile.

Alternatively esters can be synthesised by converting carboxylic acid into acyl chloride using thionyl chloride(SOCl_{2} and then further treating acyl chloride with alcohol.

Carboxylic acid and esters can be easily distinguished on the basis of IR as carboxylic acid would contain a broad intense peak in 2500-3200cm_{-1} corresponding to OH stretching frequency whereas esters would not contain any such broad intense peak.

Alcohol and esters can also be distinguished using IR as alcohols would contain a broad intense peak at around 3200-3600cm_{-1}

Explanation: For the synthesis of esters using alcohol and carboxylic acid we need to add a little amount of acid in the reaction . The acid used here increases the electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon and hence makes it easier for a weaker nucleophile like alcohol to attack the carbonyl carbon of acid.

The oxygen of the carbonyl group is protonated using the acidic proton which leads to the generation of positive charge on the oxygen. The positive charge generated is delocalised over the whole acid molecule and hence the electrophilicity of carbonyl group is increased. Kindly refer attachment for the structures.

If we simply mix the acid and alcohol then no appreciable reaction would take place between them and ester formation would not take place because the carboxylic acid in that case is not a good electrophile whereas alcohol is also not a very strong nucleophile which can attack the carbonyl group.

Alternatively we can use thionyl chloride or any other reagent which can convert the carboxylic acid into acyl chloride. Acyl chloride is very elctrophilic and alcohol can very easily attack the acyl chloride and esters could be synthesized.

The carboxylic acid and ester can very easily be distinguished on the basis of broad intense OH stretching frequency peak at around 2500-3200cm_{-1} . The broad intense OH stretching frequency peak is present in carboxylic acids as they contain OH groups and absent in case of esters .

Likewise esters and alcohols can also be distinguished on the basis IR spectra as alcohols will have broad intense spectra at around 3200-3600cm_{-1}corresponding to OH stretching frequency whereas esters will not have any such peak. Rather esters would be having a Carbonyl stretching frequency at around 1720-1760

4 0

2 years ago

When sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid are combined in a beaker and allowed to

777dan777 [17]

Answer: C excess reactant

Reason: It is not catalyst because catalyst are not consumed. It is not product because it was one of the reactants. It is not limiting because there was excess left over.

8 0

2 years ago

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