The outermost energy shell of an atom
because they are involved in forming bonds
Answer:
The reaction is spontaneous when T > 2170 K.
Explanation:
The spontaneity of a reaction is related to the standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°). When ΔG° < 0 the reaction is spontaneous. ΔG° is related to the standard enthalpy (ΔH°) and the standard entropy (ΔS°) through the following expression:
ΔG° = ΔH° - T.ΔS°
where,
T is the absolute temperature
The reaction is spontaneous when ΔG° < 0, that is,
ΔH° - T.ΔS° < 0
ΔH° < T.ΔS°
T > ΔH°/ΔS° = (169.4 × 10³ J)/(78.1 J/K) = 2170 K
The reaction is spontaneous when T > 2170 K.
According to the Planck-Einstein relation, the energy of a photon emitted with a wavelength of 448 nm is 4.44 × 10⁻¹⁹ J.
<h3>What is a photon?</h3>
A photon is a particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation. A photon carries energy proportional to the radiation frequency but has zero rest mass.
- Step 1. Calculate the frequency of the photon.
A photon is emitted with a wavelength (λ) of 448 nm. Given the speed of light (c) is 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, we can calculate the frequency (ν) of the photon using the following expression.
ν = c/λ
ν = (3.00 × 10⁸ m/s ) / (4.48 × 10⁻⁷ m) = 6.70 × 10¹⁴ s⁻¹
- Step 2. Calculate the energy (E) of the photon.
We will use the Planck-Einstein relation, being Planck's constant h = 6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ J.s.
E = h × ν
E = (6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ J.s) × (6.70 × 10¹⁴ s⁻¹) = 4.44 × 10⁻¹⁹ J
According to the Planck-Einstein relation, the energy of a photon emitted with a wavelength of 448 nm is 4.44 × 10⁻¹⁹ J.
Learn more about photons here: brainly.com/question/15946945
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Answer: The two main factors that affect how viscous lava is are the mineral content of the lava and its temperature. Lava that contains more iron and magnesium, classifying it as basaltic or mafic, has a lower viscosity than lava that has more silicates and calcium, classifying that as rhyolitic or felsic. Additionally, lava at higher temperatures flows with less viscosity than lava at lower temperatures, especially when the temperature allows some of the minerals in the lava to crystallize.
Explanation: I hope this helps
Answer:
The 3rd sentence is the wrong one:
'All carbohydrates have the general formula Cn(H2O)n'
Explanation:
This is wrong because it's a formula that holds true for simple sugars, but not for complex ones.
Take sucrose as an example, its formula is C12H22O11. Clearly it's C12(H2O)11.
This is so, because when a glycosidic bond is formed, it does so with the loss of a water molecule; hence the reaction is called condensation.
