If there is no existence of capacitors in our world there would be no electrical or electronic engineering.
A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It has two terminals and is a passive electrical component. Capacitance refers to a capacitor's effect. A capacitor commonly referred to as a condenser is one of the fundamental parts needed to create electronic circuits. Without fundamental parts like resistors, inductors, diodes, transistors, etc., a circuit's design is incomplete or it won't work properly.
Energy storage is capacitors' most popular application. Power conditioning, signal coupling or decoupling, electronic noise filtering, and remote sensing are further applications. Capacitors are employed in a wide variety of industries and have integrated into daily life due to their numerous applications.
There are numerous significant uses for capacitors. They are employed in digital circuits, for instance, to prevent the loss of data saved in big computer memories during a brief loss of power. The electric energy held in such capacitors keeps the data from being lost during a brief power outage.
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Internal energy of a system is the product of specific heat and temperature included with number of moles. (i=nCT) and kinetic energy is product of Boltzmann constant and temperature.
- All systems have a certain amount of energy that can be converted into other energy to do work. The kinetic energy within the molecules and atoms that make up the body and the energy generated by the intermolecular forces between them are collectively called internal energy.
- In other words, the energy hidden in the system that can appear under different conditions can be called the internal energy of the system.
Internal energy is the sum of two energies:
(a) Thermal energy, which is the kinetic energy of molecules in random motion, and
(b) Potential energy of atoms.
- Potential atomic energy arises from the atomic forces acting between the atoms of molecules and the intermolecular forces between molecules.
- Total internal energy, E = kinetic energy (K.E.) + potential energy (P.E.).
- The state function describes the equilibrium state of the system, as well as the system itself.
- It is called the state function because the internal energy U is defined by the quantity that determines the state of the system at equilibrium. It is completely determined by the initial and final state of the system.
- As the temperature of the system increases, the molecules move faster, resulting in an increase in kinetic energy and an increase in internal energy.
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centripetal acceleration can be determined using the following equation;
a = v² / r
a= centripetal acceleration
v = velocity
r = radius
substituting the values in the equation,
a = (300 m/s)*(300m/s) / (1.85 *1000) m
= 48.64 ms-²
