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PIT_PIT [208]
3 years ago
15

How can understanding atomic light help astronomers determine what planets are composed of?

Chemistry
1 answer:
GuDViN [60]3 years ago
5 0

The most common method astronomers use to determine the composition of stars, planets, and other objects is spectroscopy. This process utilizes instruments with a grating that spreads out the light from an object by wavelength. This spread-out light is called a spectrum. Every element has a unique fingerprint that allows researchers to determine what it is made of.

The fingerprint often appears as the absorption of light. Every atom has electrons, and these electrons like to stay in their lowest-energy levels. But when photons carrying energy hit an electron, they can push it to higher energy levels. This is absorption, and each element’s electrons absorb light at specific wavelengths related to the difference between energy levels in that atom. But the electrons want to return to their original levels, so they don’t hold onto the energy for long. When they emit the energy, they release photons with exactly the same wavelengths of light that were absorbed in the first place. An electron can release this light in any direction, so most of the light is emitted in directions away from our line of sight. Therefore, a dark line appears in the spectrum at that particular wavelength.  

Because the wavelengths at which absorption lines occur are unique for each element, astronomers can measure the position of the lines to determine which elements are present in a target. The amount of light that is absorbed can also provide information about how much of each element is present.

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An aluminum ion has a +3 charge. What change did the atom undergo to attain this charge?
lesya692 [45]
When an ion loses electrons, it becomes a positive ion even though it does not lose protons. If there are more protons than electrons in the ion, the ion will have a positive charge.
8 0
3 years ago
What is the equilibrium equation for the dissociation of formic acid in water? hcooh (aq) + h2o (l) ⇌ h3o+ (aq) + hcoo- (aq)?
Pani-rosa [81]
Formic acid when in water would dissociate into ions just like any acids. It would dissociate into the hydrogen ion and the formate ion. The equilibrium dissociation equation would be written as:

<span>HCOOH (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ H+ (aq) + HCOO- (aq)

Formic acid is a weak acid which means that when in aqueous solution it does not completely dissociate into its corresponding ions. Only a certain amount that would be dissociated so in the solution there will be HCOOH, HCOO- and H+ molecules. It is also known as Methanoic acid and an important substance for the synthesis of a number of substances. It is naturally occurring in ants.</span>
7 0
3 years ago
List 3 elements that have similar properties or reactivity. Justify your answer with reasoning.
Rus_ich [418]

Answer:

Lithium, Potassium and Calcium

Explanation:

Because they are all in group one of the periodic table

7 0
3 years ago
Which of the following covalent bonds is the most polar?
Bezzdna [24]

Answer:

D.) H-O

Explanation:

Polarity is determined based on the difference in electronegativity of the atoms. The greater the difference, the more polar the bond. The general trend is that the atoms in the top-right corner of the periodic table are the most electronegative.

A.) is incorrect because H-H has no electronegativity difference, making it nonpolar.

B.) and C.) are incorrect because their electronegativity differences are not the greatest.

D.) is correct because the electronegativity difference between the H and O is the greatest.

5 0
2 years ago
This decomposition is first order with respect to phosphine, and has a half‑life of 35.0 s at 953 K. Calculate the partial press
Solnce55 [7]

Answer:

0.57 atm

Explanation:

When a a reaction is first order, we have from calculus the following relation:

ln[A]t/[A]₀ = - kt

where [A]t is the concentration of A ( phosphine in this case ) after a time, t

           [A]₀ is the initial concentration of A

           k is the rate constant, and

           t is the time

We also know that for a first order reaction

           k = 0.693/ t 1/2

wnere t 1/2 is the half-life.

This equation is derived for the case when A]t/= 1/2 x [A]₀ which occurs at the half-life.

Thus, lets first find k from the half life time, and then solve for t = 70.5 s

k = 0.693 /  35.0 s = 0.0198 s⁻¹

ln [ PH₃ ]t / [ PH₃]₀ = - kt

from the ideal gas law we know pV = nRT, so the volumes cancel:

ln (pPH₃ )t / p(PH₃)₀ = - kt

taking inverse log to both sides of the equation:

(pPH₃ )t / p(PH₃)₀  = - kt

thus:

(pPH₃ )t  = 2.29 atm x e^(- 0.0198 s⁻¹ x 70.5 s ) = 0.57 atm

3 0
3 years ago
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