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3 years ago

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You are in downtown Chicago (where streets run N-S and E-W). You started from 600 N. Michigan Avenue, and walked 3 blocks toward

north, 4 blocks toward west, and 1 block toward north to a train station. Length of one block is 100 [m]. What is the magnitude and direction of your displacement from the start position?

1 answer:

pickupchik [31]3 years ago

4 0

Answer:

Displacement is 565.69 m at 45° west of north

Explanation:

Let north represent positive y axis and east represent positive x axis.

We have journey started from 600 N. Michigan Avenue, and walked 3 blocks toward north, 4 blocks toward west, and 1 block toward north to a train station.

3 blocks toward north = 300 j m

4 blocks toward west = -400 i m

1 blocks toward north = 100 j m

Total displacement = -400 i + 400 j m

Magnitude

$s=\sqrt{(-400)^2+400^2}=565.69m$

Direction,

$\theta =tan^{-1}\left ( \frac{400}{-400}\right )=135^0$

Direction is 45° west of north.

Displacement is 565.69 m at 45° west of north

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Explanation:

Given a point in rectangular form, that is $P(x,y) = (x,y)$ , its polar form is defined by:

$P(x,y) = (r,\theta)$ (1)

Where:

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$\theta$ - Direction, measured in sexagesimal degrees.

The norm of the point is determined by Pythagorean Theorem:

$r = \sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}}$ (2)

And direction is calculated by following trigonometric relation:

$\theta = \tan^{-1} \frac{y}{x}$ (3)

If we know that $x = -3.50\,m$ and $y = -2.50\,m$ , then the components of coordinates in polar form is:

$r = \sqrt{(-3.50\,m)^{2}+(-2.50\,m)^{2}}$

$r \approx 4.301\,m$

Since $x < 0\,m$ and $y < 0\,m$ , direction is located at 3rd Quadrant. Given that tangent function has a period of 180º, we find direction by using this formula:

$\theta = 180^{\circ}+\tan^{-1} \left(\frac{-2.50\,m}{-3.50\,m} \right)$

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Explanation:

Let use m₁ to represent the mass of the block and m₂ to represent the mass of the cylinder

The radius of the cylinder be = R

The distance between the center of the pulley to center of the block to be = x

Also, the angles of inclinations of the cylinder and the block with respect to the ground to be $\phi$ and $\beta$ respectively.

The velocity of the block to be = v

The equivalent mass of the system = $m_e$

In the terms of the equivalent mass, the kinetic energy of the system can be written as:

$K.E = \frac{1}{2} m_ev^2$ --------------- equation (1)

The angular velocity of the cylinder = $\omega$ : &

The inertia of the cylinder about its center to be = I

The angular velocity of the cylinder can be written as:

$v = \omega R$

$\omega =\frac{v}{R}$

The kinetic energy of the system in terms of individual mass can be written as:

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By replacing $\omega$ with $\frac{v}{R}$ ; we have:

$K.E = \frac{1}{2}m_1v^2+\frac{1}{2} m_2v^2+\frac{1}{2}I(\frac{v}{R})^2$

$K.E = \frac{1}{2}(m_1+ m_2+ \frac{I}{R} )v^2$ ------------------ equation (2)

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$m_e = m_1+m_2+\frac{I}{R^2}$

Therefore, the equivalent mass : $m_e = m_1+m_2+\frac{I}{R^2}$ which is read as;

The equivalent mass is equal to the mass of the block plus the mass of the cylinder plus the inertia by the square of the radius.

The expression for the force acting on equivalent mass due to the block is as follows:

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Also; The expression for the force acting on equivalent mass due to the cylinder is as follows:

$f_{cylinder} = m_2gsin \phi$

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