Answer:
electron-electron repulsion
Explanation:
When electrons add into valence shell of neutral elements, the element assumes a negative oxidation state. With this, the number of electrons having (-) charges will be larger than the number of protons having positive (+) charges. As a result, the extra electrons repel one another (i.e., like charges repel) and a larger radius is the result.
In contrast, when cations are formed, electrons are removed from the valence level (oxidation) producing an element having a greater number of protons than electrons. The larger number of protons will function to attract the electron cloud with a greater force that results in a contraction of atomic radius and a smaller spherical volume than the neutral unionized element.
To visualize, see attached chart that shows atomic and ionic radii before and after ionization of the elements.
<span><span>The reaction is as follows:
C6H6 </span>+ HNO3 + H2SO4 ------------> </span>C6H5NO2<span> + H</span>2<span>O
(BENZENE) (NITRIC ACID)(CATALYST)
</span>NO2(+) is the electrophile that acctacks on the benzene ring in nitration process.
Hello
The word is "pollution"
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<span>The simplest level of organization for living things is a single organelle, which is composed of aggregates of macromolecules. so it is false</span>
